Handbook of Exoplanets , 1st ed. 2018

The Handbook of Exoplanets contains 15 sections dealing with all aspects of exoplanets and exobiology research, including historic aspects, the Solar System as a template, objects at the planet-to-star transition, exoplanet detection and characterization with related instrumentation, technology and software tools, planet and planet-system statistics with recent and planned surveys, their atmosphere and formation and evolution processes, habitability and exobiology implications, and outlooks for future exploration and science development. Each section has 10-20 contributions written by the top experts in their subject, including senior researchers as well as young researchers who represent the future of the discipline. Overall, this handbook comprehensively tackles one of the most challenging and dynamic fields of modern astronomy and astrophysics. 

The Discovery of the First Exoplanets PSR B1257+12 and the First Confirmed Planets Beyond the Solar System Prehistory of Transit Searches Discovery of the First Transiting Planets The Way to Circumbinary Planets The Naming of Extrasolar Planets Impact of Exoplanet Science in the Early Twenty-First Century The Solar System: A Panorama Interiors and Surfaces of Terrestrial Planets and Major Satellites Internal Structure of Giant and Icy Planets: Importance of Heavy Elements and Mixing Composition and Chemistry of the Atmospheres of Terrestrial Planets: Venus, the Earth, Mars, and Titan Tenuous Atmospheres in the Solar System Temperature, Clouds, and Aerosols in the Terrestrial Bodies of the Solar System Temperature, Clouds, and Aerosols in Giant and Icy Planets Atmospheric Dynamics of Terrestrial Planets Atmospheric Dynamics of Giants and Icy Planets Upper Atmospheres and Ionospheres of Planets and Satellites Rings in the Solar System: A Short Review The Diverse Population of Small Bodies of the Solar System The Solar System as a Benchmark for Exoplanet Systems Interpretation Brown Dwarf Formation: Theory Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets in Young Stellar Clusters Large-Scale Searches for Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets Spectral Properties of Brown Dwarfs and Unbound Planetary-Mass Objects Y Dwarfs, the Challenge of Discovering the Coldest Substellar Population in the Solar Neighborhood Variability of Brown Dwarfs Metal-Depleted Brown Dwarfs Radio Emission from Ultracool Dwarfs Definition of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs Radial Velocities as an Exoplanet Discovery Method Transit Photometry as an Exoplanet Discovery Method Finding Planets via Gravitational Microlensing Astrometry as an Exoplanet Discovery Method Direct Imaging as a Detection Technique for Exoplanets Pulsar Timing as an Exoplanet Discovery Method Timing by Stellar Pulsations as an Exoplanet Discovery Method Transit-Timing and Duration Variations for the Discovery and Characterization of Exoplanets Radio Observations as an Exoplanet Discovery Method Detecting and Characterizing Exomoons and Exorings High-Precision Spectrographs for Exoplanet Research: CORAVEL, ELODIE, CORALIE, SOPHIE and HARPS ESPRESSO on VLT: An Instrument for Exoplanet Research SPIRou: A NIR Spectropolarimeter/High-precision Velocimeter for the CFHT HiCIAO and IRD: Two Exoplanet Instruments for the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope Imaging with Adaptive Optics and Coronographs for Exoplanet Research The HATNet and HATSouth Exoplanet Surveys KELT: The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, a Survey for Exoplanets Transiting Bright, Hot Stars Small Telescope Exoplanet Transit Surveys: XO SPECULOOS Exoplanet Search and Its Prototype on TRAPPIST Microlensing Surveys for Exoplanet Research (OGLE Survey Perspective) Microlensing Surveys for Exoplanet Research (MOA) Korea Microlensing Telescope Network Exoplanet Research with the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Exoplanet Research in the Era of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) Space Missions for Extrasolar Planets: Overview and Introduction CoRoT: A First Space-Based Transiting Survey to Explore the Close-in Planets Populations Space Missions for Exoplanet Science: Kepler/K2 Observing Exoplanets with the Spitzer Space Telescope Space Astrometry Missions for Exoplanet Science: Gaia and the Legacy of Hipparcos Interferometric Space Missions for Exoplanet Science: Legacy of Darwin/TPF CHEOPS: CHaracterizing ExOPlanets Satellite Observing Exoplanets with the James Webb Space Telescope Space Missions for Exoplanet Science: PLATO Future Astrometric Space Missions for Exoplanet Science Future Exoplanet Space Missions: Spectroscopy and Coronographic Imaging Mass-Radius Relations of Giant Planets: The Radius Anomaly and Interior Models The Rossiter–McLaughlin Effect in Exoplanet Research Stellar Limb Darkening’s Effects on Exoplanet Characterization Exoplanet Phase Curves: Observations and Theory Characterization of Exoplanets: Secondary Eclipses Mapping Exoplanets Spectroscopic Direct Detection of Exoplanets Characterizing Evaporating Atmospheres of Exoplanets Disintegrating Rocky Exoplanets Characterizing the Chemistry of Planetary Materials Around White Dwarf Stars Bayesian Methods for Exoplanet Science Tools for Transit and Radial Velocity Modelling and Analysis Characterizing Planet Host Stars: Introduction Accurate Stellar Parameters for Radial Velocity Surveys The Combined System of Microlensing Exoplanets and Their Host Stars Characterizing Host Stars using Asteroseismology Ages for Exoplanet Host Stars Planet and Star Interactions: Introduction Rotation of Planet-Hosting Stars Stellar Coronal Activity and Its Impact on Planets Signatures of Star-Planet Interactions Magnetic Fields in Planet-Hosting Stars Star-Planet Interactions in the Radio Domain: Prospect for Their Detection The Impact of Stellar Activity on the Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets Tidal Star-Planet Interactions: A Stellar and Planetary Perspective Models of Star-Planet Magnetic Interaction Stellar Coronal and Wind Models: Impact on Exoplanets Electromagnetic Coupling in Star-Planet Systems Accretion of Planetary Material onto Host Stars Planetary Evaporation Through Evolution Exoplanet Catalogs Planet Occurrence: Doppler and Transit Surveys Occurrence Rates from Direct Imaging Surveys Populations of Extrasolar Giant Planets from Transit and Radial Velocity Surveys Planet Populations as a Function of Stellar Properties Populations of Planets in Multiple Star Systems The “Spectral Zoo” of Exoplanet Atmospheres Exoplanet Atmosphere Measurements from Transmission Spectroscopy and Other Planet Star Combined Light Observations Exoplanet Atmosphere Measurements from Direct Imaging Radiative Transfer for Exoplanet Atmospheres Atmospheric Retrieval of Exoplanets A Brief Overview of Planet Formation Dust Evolution in Protoplanetary Disks Chemistry During the Gas-Rich Stage of Planet Formation Instabilities and Flow Structures in Protoplanetary Disks: Setting the Stage for Planetesimal Formation Planetary Migration in Protoplanetary Disks Formation of Giant Planets Formation of Super-Earths Formation of Terrestrial Planets Planetary Population Synthesis  Connecting Planetary Composition with Formation Dynamical Evolution of Planetary Systems Debris Disks: Probing Planet Formation HD189733b: The Transiting Hot Jupiter that Revealed a Hazy and Cloudy Atmosphere WASP-12b: A Mass-Losing Extremely Hot Jupiter Transiting Disintegrating Planetary Debris Around WD 1145+017 Proxima b: The Detection of the Earth-Type Planet Candidate Orbiting Our Closest Neighbor HR8799: Imaging a System of Exoplanets Fomalhaut’s Dusty Debris Belt and Eccentric Planet 55 Cancri (Copernicus): A Multi-planet System with a Hot Super-Earth and a Jupiter Analogue Planets in Mean-Motion Resonances and the System Around HD45364 Tightly Packed Planetary Systems Circumbinary Planets Around Evolved Stars Two Suns in the Sky: The Kepler Circumbinary Planets Factors Affecting Exoplanet Habitability Life’s Requirements Earth: Atmospheric Evolution of a Habitable Planet The Habitability of Icy Ocean Worlds in the Solar System Planet Formation, Migration, and Habitability Volcanic-Tectonic Modes and Planetary Life Potential Planetary Interiors, Magnetic Fields, and Habitability Planetary Interior-Atmosphere Interaction and Habitability Stellar Composition, Structure and Evolution: Impact on Habitability The Habitable Zone: The Climatic Limits of Habitability Star-Planet Interactions and Habitability: Radiative Effects Gravitational Interactions and Habitability Habitability of Planets in Binary Star Systems Habitability in Brown Dwarf Systems Galactic Effects on Habitability Assessing the Interior Structure of Terrestrial Exoplanets with Implications for Habitability Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability Atmospheric Biosignatures Surface and Temporal Biosignatures Biosignature False Positives The Detectability of Earth’s Biosignatures Across Time Special Cases: Moons, Rings, Comets, and Trojans Future Exoplanet Research: Radio Detection and Characterization Future Exoplanet Research: High-Contrast Imaging Techniques Future Exoplanet Research: XUV (EUV and X-Ray) Detection and Characterization Circumstellar Discs: What Will Be Next? Solid Exoplanet Surfaces and Relief Exotic Forms of Life on Other Worlds Multi-Pixel Imaging of Exoplanets with a Hypertelescope in Space Exoplanets and SETI Direct Exoplanet Investigation Using Interstellar Space Probes Future Exoplanet Research: Science Questions and How to Address Them