Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments
Analytical Chemistry Series

Even a cursory perusal of any analytical journal will demonstrate the increasing important of trace and ultra-trace analysis. And as instrumentation continues to develop, the definition of the term "trace element" will undoubtedly continue to change. Covering the composition and underlying properties of freshwater and marine systems, Analytical Measurements in Aquatic Environments provides the basis for understanding both. It discusses all aspects of analytical protocols from the handling of representative samples to the metrological evaluation of specific steps and whole procedures. The book covers:

• handling of representative samples
• sample preservation techniques
• extraction techniques
• speciation analytics
• solvent-free sample preparation for analysis
• application of biotests
• bioanalytical methods for monitoring
• green analytical chemistry-application of the concept of sustainability in analytical laboratories
• application of the Life Cycle Assessment approach
• quality control and quality assurance of analytical results
• enhanced techniques of sample preparation
• hyphenated analytical techniques

Ecotoxicological considerations and the effort to achieve an increasingly accurate description of the state of the environment challenge analytical chemists who need to determine increasingly lower concentrations of various analytes in samples that have complex and even non-homogenous matrices. The newly coined expression "analytics" emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of available methods for obtaining information about material systems, with many methods that exceed the strict definition of analytical chemistry. Drawing on the disciplines of chemistry, physics, computer science, electronics, material science, and chemometrics, this book provides in depth information on the most important problems in analytics of samples from aquatic ecosystems.

Strategy of Collecting Samples from an Aquatic Environment. Preservation and Storage of Water Samples. Application of Passive Sampling Techniques for Monitoring the Aquatic Environment. Modern Techniques of Analyte Extraction. Mineralization Techniques Used in the Sample Preparation Step. Biota Analysis as a Source of Information on the State of Aquatic Environments. Speciation Analytics in Aquatic Ecosystems. Immunochemical Analytical Methods for Monitoring the Aquatic Environment. Application of Biotests. Total Parameters as a Tool for the Evaluation of the Load of Xenobiotics in the Environment. Determination of Radionuclides in the Aquatic Environment. Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Inorganic Constituents. Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Organic and Organometallic Analytes. Introducing the Concept of Sustainable Development into Analytical Practice – Green Analytical Chemistry. Chemometrics as a Tool for Treatment Processing of Multiparametric Analytical Data Sets. Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Analytical Results. Analytical Procedures for Measuring Precipitation Quality Used within the EMEP Monitoring Program. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Analytical Protocols. Preparation of Samples for Analysis – the Key to Analytical Success.