Power-Switching Converters : Medium & High Power

Power converters are at the heart of modern power electronics. From automotive power systems to propulsion for large ships, their use permeates through industrial, commercial, military, and aerospace applications of various scales. Having reached a point of saturation where we are unlikely to see many new and revolutionary technologies, industry now seeks to optimize and standardize the performance of these devices. Power-Switching Converters: Medium and High Power examines the characteristics and operating principles of these systems in terms of how to increase their efficiency and produce them at lower cost. This book begins with an introduction to the field, placing the technology in its business context to highlight the current trends and issues facing the modern power engineer. The remainder of the book provides a detailed examination of three-phase power switching converters, including the various problems and solutions involved in different applications. It discusses high-power semiconductor devices, pulse-width modulation (PWM) principles and algorithms for various implementations, closed-loop current control, component-minimized topologies, power grid interface, parallel and interleaved power converters, and practical aspects such as protection and thermal management. Filling the gap between textbooks and technical papers, Power-Switching Converters: Medium and High Power offers practical solutions to current industrial demands with a focus on the particular business needs of performance quality and cost efficiency. It also serves as an excellent textbook for graduate study.

INTRODUCTION TO MEDIUM- AND HIGH POWER SWITCHING CONVERTERS. Market of Medium- and High-Power Converters. Adjustable Speed Drives. Grid Interfaces or Distributed Generation. Multi-Converter Power Electronic Systems. HIGH-POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES. A View of the Power Semiconductor Market. Power MOSFETs. Insular Gate Bipolar Transistors. Gate Turn-Off Thyristors. Advanced Power Devices. Problems. BASIC THREE-PHASE INVERTERS. High-Power Devices Operated as a Simple Switch. Inverter Leg with Inductive Load Operation. What is a PWM Algorithm? Basic Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter: Operation and Functions. Performance Indices: Definitions and Terms Used in Different Countries. Direct Calculation of Harmonic Spectrum from Inverter Waveforms. Preprogrammed PWM for Three-Phase Inverters. Modeling a Three-Phase Inverter with Switching Functions. Braking Leg in Power Converters for Motor Drives. DC Bus Capacitor within an AC/DC/AC Power Converter. Conclusion. Problems. CARRIER-BASED PULSE WIDTH MODULATION AND OPERATION LIMITS. Carrier-Based Pulse Width Modulation Algorithms: Historical Importance. Carrier-Based PWM Algorithms with Improved Reference. PWM Used within Volt/Hertz Drives: Choice of Number of Pulses Based on the Desired Current Harmonic Factor. Implementation of Harmonic Reduction with Carrier PWM. Limits of Operation: Minimum Pulse-Width. Limits of Operation. Conclusion. Problems. VECTORIAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION FOR BASIC THREE-PHASE INVERTERS. Review of Space Vector Theory. Vectorial Analysis of the Three-Phase Inverter . SVM Theory: Derivation of the Time Intervals Associated to the Active and Zero States by Averaging. Adaptive SVM: DC Ripple Compensation. Link to Vector Control: Different Forms and Expressions of Time Intervals Equations in the (d,q) Coordinate System. Definition of the Switching Reference Function. Definition of the Switching Sequence. Comparison between Different Vectorial PWM. Overmodulation for SVM. Volt-Per-Hertz Control of PWM Inverters. PRACTICAL ASPECTS IN BUILDING THREE-PHASE POWER CONVERTERS. Selection of the Power Devices in a Three-Phase Inverter. Protection. System Protection Management. Reduction of Common-Mode EMI through Inverter Techniques. Typical Building Structures of the Conventional Inverter Depending on the Power Level. Thermal Management. Conclusion. Problems. IMPLEMENTATION OF PULSE WIDTH MODULATION ALGORITHMS. Analog Pulse Width Modulation Controllers. Mixed-Mode Motor Controller ICs. Digital Structures with Counters: FPGA Implementation. Markets for General-Purpose and Dedicated Digital Processors. Software Implementation in Low-Cost Microcontrollers. Microcontrollers with Power Converter Interfaces. Motor Control Co-Processors. Using the Event Manager within Texas Instruments' DSPs. PRACTICAL ASPECTS IN IMPLEMENTING CLOSED-LOOP CURRENT CONTROL. Role and Schematics. Current Measurement: Synchronization with Pulse Width Modulation. Current Sampling Rate: Oversampling. Current Control in (a,b,c) Coordinates. Current Transforms (3->2): Software Calculation of Transforms. Current Control in (D,Q) Models: PI Calibration. Antiwind-Up Protection: Output Limitation and Range Definition. Conclusion. RESONANT THREE-PHASE CONVERTERS. Reducing Switching Losses Through Resonance Vs. Advanced Pulse-Width Multiple Devices. Do We Still Get Advantages from Resonant High-Power Converters? Zero Voltage Transition of IGBT Devices. Zero Current Transition of IGBT Devices. Possible Topologies of Quasi-Resonant Converters. Special PWM for Three-Phase Resonant Converters. Problems. COMPONENT-MINIMIZED THREE-PHASE POWER CONVERTERS. Solutions for Reduction of Number of Components. Generalized Vector Transform. Vectorial Analysis of the B4 Inverter. Definition of PWM Algorithms for the B4 Inverter. Influence of DC Voltage Variations and Method for their Compensation. Two-Leg Converter used in Feeding a Two-Phase IM. AC/DC GRID INTERFACE BASED ON THE THREE-PHASE VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER. Particularities, Control Objectives, and Active Power Control. PWM in the Control System. Closed Loop Cur