Modern Drying Technology, Volume 5
Process Intensification
Modern Drying Technology Series

This five-volume series provides a comprehensive overview of all important aspects of modern drying technology, concentrating on the transfer of cutting-edge research results to industrial use.

Volume 5 is dedicated to process intensification by hybrid processes that combine convective or contact heat transfer with microwaves, ultrasound or radiation. Process intensification by more efficient choice, distribution, and flow of the drying medium - such as impinging jet drying, pulse combustion drying, superheated steam drying, drying in specially designed spouted beds - are thoroughly discussed.

Moreover, methods that favorably affect the process by changing the structure of the drying product, e.g. foaming, electroporation, are treated. Emphasis is placed on drying, including freeze-drying, of sensitive materials such as foods, biomaterials and pharmaceuticals.

Released Volumes of Modern Drying Technology:
* Volume 1: Computational Tools at Different Scales
ISBN 978-3-527-31556-7

* Volume 2: Experimental Techniques
ISBN 978-3-527-31557-4

* Volume 3: Product Quality and Formulation
ISBN 978-3-527-31558-1

* Volume 4: Energy Savings
ISBN 978-3-527-31559-8

* Set (Volume 1-5)
ISBN 978-3-527-31554-3

Preface
Recommended Notation
EFCE Working Party on Drying: Address List

IMPINGING JET DRYING
Application
Single Nozzle
Nozzle Fields
Summary of the Nusselt Functions
Design of Nozzle Field
Conclusion

PULSE COMBUSTION DRYING
Principle of Pulse Combustion
Pulse Combustors: Design and Operation
Aerodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer
Modeling of Pulse Combustion Drying
Pulse Combustion in Drying

SUPERHEATED STEAM DRYING OF FOODS AND BIOMATERIALS
Introduction
Principle of Superheated Steam Drying (SSD)
Atmospheric-Pressure Superheated Steam Drying
Low-Pressure Superheated Steam Drying (LPSSD)
Application of LPSSD to Improve the Quality of Foods and Biomaterials
Concluding Remarks

INTENSIFICATION OF FLUIDIZED-BED PROCESSES FOR DRYING AND FORMULATION
Introduction
Intensification by Apparatus and Flow Design
Intensification by Contact Heating
Further Methods of Intensification
Conclusion

INTENSIFICATION OF FREEZE-DRYING FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL AND FOOD INDUSTRIES
Introduction
Exergetic Analysis (and Optimization) of the Freeze-Drying Process
Process Intensification in Vacuum Freeze-Drying of Liquids
Atmospheric Freeze-Drying
Use of Combined Technologies for Drying Heat-Sensitive Products
Continuous Freeze-Drying
Conclusions

DRYING OF FOAMED MATERIALS
Introduction
Foam Properties
Foam Spray Drying
Foam-Mat Drying
Summary

PROCESS-INDUCED MINIMIZATION OF MASS TRANSFER BARRIER FOR IMPROVED DRYING
Introduction
Structural Characterization of Plant Raw Materials and Impact of PEF and Ultrasound
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Application as a Pretreatment
Contact Ultrasound for Combined Drying Processes
Conclusion

DRYING ASSISTED BY POWER ULTRASOUND
Introduction
Ultrasound
Ultrasonic Equipment
Influence of the Main Process Variables on Drying Intensification by Ultrasound
Conclusions

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED DRYING OF FOODS -
EQUIPMENT, PROCESS AND PRODUCT QUALITY
Introduction
Microwave-Assisted Drying of Foods
Microwave-Assisted Drying Equipment
Microwave-Assisted Drying Process
Microwave-Assisted Drying Process Control and Optimal Operation
Concluding Remarks

INFRARED DRYING
Introduction
Radiation Heat Transfer
Classification, Research, and Applications of Radiation Drying
Types of Radiators
Interaction between Matter and Infrared Radiation
Kinetics of Infrared Drying
Infrared Drying Combined with other Types of Drying
Conclusions

Index

Professor Dr. Ing. Evangelos Tsotsas born 1959, Thessaloniki/Greece; PhD: 1985, Karlsruhe/Germany; Habilitation: 1990, Karlsruhe; till 1994: The Dow Chemical Company; since 1994: Professor of Thermal Process Engineering at Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg; 1998-2002: Dean of the Faculty of Process and Systems Engineering; elected German Research Council (DFG) reviewer, member of the selection committee of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the European Multiphase Systems Institute, and the International Center of Heat and Mass Transfer; Chairman of Working Parties on Drying of the EFCE and GVC; 2002: Award for innovation in drying research.

Professor Arun S. Mujumdar; PhD McGill University, Montreal; Professor of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, until July 2000; Visiting Professor at numerous universities; Honorary Professor of five universities in China; President and Principal Consultant, Exergex Corp., Canada 1989-2000; consultant for over 60 companies; authored 2 books and over 60 book chapters, edited or co-edited over 50 books and journals; published more than 300 research papers, presented over 200 conference papers; external reviewer for various research councils; founder, chair or member of organizing panels for numerous major international conferences; elected Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Chemical Institute of Canada and Inst. Chem. Eng. (India); member of AIChE, CPPA, Sigma Xi; awarded Senior Fellowship by Japan Society for Promotion of Science (1988 and 1996), Innovation in Drying Award, IDS '86, MIT, The Procter & Gamble Award for Excellence in Drying Research (1998); named Distinguished Scientists of the 20th Century, International Man of the Year by International Biographical Institute, Cambridge (1999); listed in 1000 World Leaders of Influence by the American Biographical Institute, Raleigh, USA (2000).