C# Programming Language (3rd Ed.)

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Language: English
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754 p. · 19x24 cm · Hardback
The popular C# programming language combines the high productivity of rapid application development languages with the raw power of C and C++. Now, C# 3.0 adds functional programming techniques and LINQ, Language INtegrated Query. The C# Programming Language, Third Edition, is the authoritative and annotated technical reference for C# 3.0. Written by Anders Hejlsberg, the language's architect, and his colleagues, Mads Torgersen, Scott Wiltamuth, and Peter Golde, this volume has been completely updated and reorganized for C# 3.0. The book provides the complete specification of the language, along with descriptions, reference materials, code samples, and annotations from nine prominent C# gurus. The many annotations–a new feature in this edition–bring a depth and breadth of understanding rarely found in any programming book. As the main text of the book introduces the concepts of the C# language, cogent annotations explain why they are important, how they are used, how they relate to other languages, and even how they evolved. This book is the definitive, must-have reference for any developer who wants to understand C#.

Foreword xi

Preface xiii

About the Authors xv

About the Annotators xvii

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

1.1 Hello, World 2

1.2 Program Structure 4

1.3 Types and Variables 6

1.4 Expressions 10

1.5 Statements 13

1.6 Classes and Objects 18

1.7 Structs 41

1.8 Arrays 43

1.9 Interfaces 46

1.10 Enums 48

1.11 Delegates 49

1.12 Attributes 53

Chapter 2: Lexical Structure 55

2.1 Programs 55

2.2 Grammars 55

2.3 Lexical Analysis 57

2.4 Tokens 61

2.5 Preprocessing Directives 74

Chapter 3: Basic Concepts 87

3.1 Application Start-Up 87

3.2 Application Termination 88

3.3 Declarations 89

3.4 Members 92

3.5 Member Access 95

3.6 Signatures and Overloading 104

3.7 Scopes 106

3.8 Namespace and Type Names 112

3.9 Automatic Memory Management 116

3.10 Execution Order 121

Chapter 4: Types 123

4.1 Value Types 124

4.2 Reference Types 135

4.3 Boxing and Unboxing 137

4.4 Constructed Types 141

4.5 Type Parameters 145

4.6 Expression Tree Types 146

Chapter 5: Variables 149

5.1 Variable Categories 149

5.2 Default Values 154

5.3 Definite Assignment 155

5.4 Variable References 171

5.5 Atomicity of Variable References 172

Chapter 6: Conversions 173

6.1 Implicit Conversions 174

6.2 Explicit Conversions 180

6.3 Standard Conversions 188

6.4 User-Defined Conversions 188

6.5 Anonymous Function Conversions 193

6.6 Method Group Conversions 200

Chapter 7: Expressions 203

7.1 Expression Classifications 203

7.2 Operators 206

7.3 Member Lookup 214

7.4 Function Members 217

7.5 Primary Expressions 238

7.6 Unary Operators 280

7.7 Arithmetic Operators 285

7.8 Shift Operators 295

7.9 Relational and Type-Testing Operators 297

7.10 Logical Operators 307

7.11 Conditional Logical Operators 309

7.12 The Null Coales