Diagnostic Ultrasound: Vascular (2^nd Ed.)

Develop a solid understanding of ultrasound and evolving vascular ultrasound practices with this practical, point-of-care reference in the popular Diagnostic Ultrasound series. Written by leading experts in the field, the second edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Vascular offers detailed, clinically oriented coverage of anatomy, techniques, and diagnoses in this complex area. Featuring more than 1,750 images and full-color illustrations throughout, this edition showcases vascular ultrasound techniques across 4 different types of ultrasound, including details regarding imaging artifacts. Diagnostic pearls and pitfalls accompany the detailed sonographic descriptions of vascular disease and anomalies regularly encountered in the head and neck, chest and abdomen (including transplants), and extremities.

. Since the 1e published, ongoing COVId-19 diagnoses have shown a higher incidence of venous thrombosis which has led to to increased use of Doppler extremity evaluations, particularly in hospitalized patients. Doppler ultrasound updates are included in several 2e chapters . Microbubble imaging updates are included as usage of this method of enhancing image resolution continues to expand . New IAC recommendations in place to match updated criteria which improves the accuracy of assorted vascular ultrasound exams, including carotid artery examination overall, and carotid artery stenosis, atherosclerosis, and plaque characterization diagnoses . Updated ACR Appropriateness criteria include new "highly appropriate” ratings for diagnostic ultrasound, including for Doppler ultrasound

. Updates in Diagnostic Ultrasound: Vascular 2e include: . Latest information across several ACR RADS (Reporting and Data Systems) criteria, the standardized framework for characterizing and reporting image findings. Updates are included across several chapters from the LI-RADS, GB-RADS, and transplant criteria which now include Doppler ultrasound with its noninvasive methodology rated highly for appropriate use . New IAC recommendations are in place across several of the 75 Diagnoses chapters to match updated criteria which improves the accuracy of assorted vascular ultrasound exams, including carotid artery examination overall and including carotid artery stenosis, atherosclerosis, and plaque characterization . Updated ACR Appropriateness criteria include new "highly appropriate” ratings for diagnostic ultrasound, including for Doppler ultrasound. The updated criteria are reflected in chapters throughout Technique and Diagnoses chapters . Updates are included on the use of microbubbles that are used as an ultrasound contrast agent to enhance image resolution and distinguish vessels more clearly and minimize noise and background signals

SECTION 1: TECHNIQUE
MODALITIES
4 Color Doppler
Michael R. Kramer, MD, Corinne Wessner, BS, RDMS, RVT, and John Eisenbrey, PhD
8 Power Doppler
Corinne Wessner, BS, RDMS, RVT, John Eisenbrey, PhD, and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
12 Spectral Doppler: General Waveform Concepts
Jingzhi Li, MD, John Eisenbrey, PhD, and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
16 Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: Basic Technique in Liver and Kidney
Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
22 Angle-Independent Volume Flow
Brian Fowlkes, MD and Stephen Pinter, MD
23 Microvascular Imaging
Michelle Robbin, MD
ARTIFACTS
24 Aliasing, Blooming, and Twinkling Artifact
Corinne Wessner, BS, RDMS, RVT, John Eisenbrey, PhD, and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD

SECTION 2: ANATOMY
HEAD AND NECK
30 Neck Overview
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
36 Cervical Carotid Arteries
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
48 Vertebral Arteries
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
54 Neck Veins
K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, and Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR

CHEST AND ABDOMEN
62 Thoracic Outlet
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
72 Ribs and Intercostal Space
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR, Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR, and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
76 Liver
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
92 Spleen
Ali M. Tahvildari, MD
100 Pancreas
Barton F. Lane, MD
108 Kidneys
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU, FSAR
128 Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
156 Mesenteric Vessels
Daniel Childers, MD and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
166 Iliac Arteries and Veins
Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
182 Penile
Eric Turner, MD, Paula J. Woodward, MD, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
192 Scrotum
Catherine H. Phillips, MD and Carol B. Benson, MD
202 Gynecologic Structures
Elizabeth Asch, MD and Carol B. Benson, MD

EXTREMITIES

UPPER LIMB
208 Arm Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR and Bhawan K.
Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB
216 Arm Vessels
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR and Bhawan K.
Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB
224 Forearm Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR and Bhawan K.
Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB
232 Wrist Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR and Bhawan K.
Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB
246 Hand Overview
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR and Bhawan K.
Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB
258 Wrist and Hand Vessels
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR and Bhawan K.
Paunipagar, MBBS, MD, DNB

LOWER LIMB

264 Groin Overview
Alex W. H. Ng, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology), Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR, and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
274 Femoral Vessels and Nerves
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
288 Lower Leg Overview
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
300 Lower Leg Vessels
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS
316 Foot Vessels
Gregory E. Antonio, MD, DRANZCR, FHKCR and Eric K. H. Liu, PhD, RDMS

SECTION 3: DIAGNOSES

HEAD AND NECK
324 Parotid Vascular Lesion
H. Y. Yuen, MBChB, FRCR, K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, and
Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR
328 Venous Vascular Malformation
Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR, K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, and
H. Y. Yuen, MBChB, FRCR
332 Jugular Vein Thrombosis
H. Y. Yuen, MBChB, FRCR, K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, and
Carmen C. Cho, MBBS, FRCR
336 Carotid Artery Dissection in Neck
H. Y. Yuen, MBChB, FRCR, K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR, and
Carmen C. Cho, MBBS, FRCR
340 Carotid Stenosis/Occlusion
Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
346 Carotid-Jugular Fistula
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS and Corinne Deurdulian, MD
350 Vertebral Stenosis/Occlusion
Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
356 Atypical Carotid Waveforms
Anjuli Cherukuri, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD
360 Arteritis/Takayasu
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS and Corinne Deurdulian, MD
364 IABP and Other Devices
Anjuli Cherukuri, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD

CHEST AND ABDOMEN

AORTA AND VENA CAVA

368 Aortic/Iliac Aneurysm
Robin Perlmutter-Goldenson, MD, MPH and Mary Frates, MD
372 Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Sheila Sheth, MD and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
376 IVC Obstruction
Constantine M. Burgan, MD, Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR, and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
380 Aortic Dissection
Leann Kania, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
384 Aortic Stent Endoleak
Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
388 Celiac Artery Stenosis
Andrey Rupasov, DO and Shweta Bhatt, MD
392 SMA Stenosis
Andrey Rupasov, DO and Shweta Bhatt, MD
398 Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome
Leann Kania, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD

LIVER
402 Portal Hypertension
Danielle Richman, MD, MS and Mary Frates, MD
406 Approach to Hepatic Sonography
Terry S. Desser, MD
410 Portosystemic Collaterals
Sheila Sheth, MD and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
416 Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Hee Sun Park, MD, PhD and Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
420 Portal Vein Occlusion
Hee Sun Park, MD, PhD and Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
424 Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Hee Sun Park, MD, PhD and Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
428 Portal Vein Gas
Hee Sun Park, MD, PhD and Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
430 Hepatoma Tumor Thrombus
Frank Chen, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD

SPLEEN
434 Splenic Vascular Disorders
Ali M. Tahvildari, MD
438 Splenic Artery Aneurysm
Frank Chen, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD
442 Splenic Vein Thrombosis
Frank Chen, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD

KIDNEY
446 Renal Artery Stenosis
Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
450 Renal Vein Thrombosis
Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
454 Renal Infarct
Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
456 Perinephric Hematoma
Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
458 Tumor Vascularity
Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
462 Renal AVF/AVM
Zachary Nuffer, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD
466 Renal Vein Nutcracker
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS and Corinne Deurdulian, MD
470 High Resistive Index
Zachary Nuffer, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD


REPRODUCTIVE
474 Varicocele
Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
476 Testicular Torsion/Infarct
Shweta Bhatt, MD
480 Penile
Eric Turner, MD, Daniel Childers, MD, and Mark E.
Lockhart, MD, MPH
484 Ovarian Torsion
Akshya Gupta, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD
490 Uterine AVM/PSA
Akshya Gupta, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD
494 Uterine Tumor Embolization Evaluation
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS and Corinne Deurdulian, MD
498 Pelvic Congestion
Melanie Caserta, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD

TRANSPLANTS

KIDNEY
502 Approach to Sonography of Renal Allografts
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
508 Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
512 Transplant Renal Artery Thrombosis
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
514 Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
516 Renal Transplant Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
518 Renal Transplant Pseudoaneurysm
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
520 Renal Transplant Rejection
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR
522 Delayed Renal Graft Function
Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, MRCP, FRCR, FSRU,
FSAR

LIVER
524 Liver Transplant Hepatic Artery
Stenosis/Thrombosis
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
526 Liver Transplant Portal Vein Stenosis/Thrombosis
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
527 Liver Transplant Hepatic Venous
Stenosis/Thrombosis
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
528 Liver Transplant Biliary Stricture
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
530 Hepatic Artery Aneurysm/PSA
Akshya Gupta, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD

PANCREAS
534 Pancreas Transplant: Normal vs. Rejection
Melanie Caserta, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD

EXTREMITIES

ARTERIES
538 Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Mark Little, MD, Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR, and
Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
542 Peripheral Arterial Pseudoaneurysm
Mark Little, MD, Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR, and
Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
546 Peripheral Arteriovenous Fistula
Mark Little, MD, Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR, and
Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
550 Peripheral Artery Bypass
Brandon Phillips, MD, Mark Little, MD, and Mark E.
Lockhart, MD, MPH
554 Wrist Modified Allen Test
Corey Sivils, MD and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
558 Hemodialysis Stenosis/Occlusion
Anjuli Cherukuri, MD and Shweta Bhatt, MD
564 Hemodialysis Failure To Mature
Daniel Childers, MD and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH
568 Hemodialysis Steal
Daniel Childers, MD and Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH

VEINS
570 Deep Vein Thrombosis
Constantine M. Burgan, MD, Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH,
and Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
574 Varicose Veins/Incompetent Perforator
Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
578 Iliac vs. IVC Venous Occlusion
Melanie Caserta, MD and Corinne Deurdulian, MD

SOFT TISSUES
582 Limb Hemangioma
Sara Durfee, MD and Carol B. Benson, MD
586 Vascular Dilatation or Inflammation
Ryan K. L. Lee, MBChB, FRCR, FHKAM (Radiology) and James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR
594 Vascular Anomaly
Esther H. Y. Hung, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology) and James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR
602 Vascular Tumor/Leiomyosarcoma
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS and Corinne Deurdulian, MD


INTERVENTIONS
606 Thrombin PSA Repair
Sriharsha Gummadi, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD
610 Aneurysm Coiling
Sriharsha Gummadi, MD and Andrej Lyshchik, MD, PhD

Mark E. Lockhart, MD, MPH, is Professor of Radiology at the Department of Radiology in the School of Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama