Cordless Telecommunications in Europe, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1990
The Evolution of Personal Communications

The mobile telecommunications industry is experiencing consider­ able growth at present and with the increased traffic capacities which these systems provide and falling equipment prices, it is expected to continue to grow throughout the 1990s. Projections of equipment costs indicate that even portable cellular handsets could come within the reach of many customers well before the end of the century. This will transform mobile communications services from a minority, high cost application into a mainstream telecommunications service. For both market and technical reasons it is likely that the distinction between cellular, Telepoint and paging services will decrease, and the provision of common hardware in the form of a Universal Personal Communicator will become increasingly feasible. 1987 Green Paper on The European Commission's June Telecommunications included the proposal to create a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). This has resulted in a major reform of the European standards-setting process with the establishment of ETSI in March 1988 in Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France. In the field of cordless telecommunications, ETSI has charged its Technical Sub-Committee RES 3 with producing the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) standard by October 1991. In the meantime, the UK CT2 Common Air Interface (CAl) has been agreed by ETSI RES in March 1990 as the basis for an Interim European Telecommuni­ cations Standard (I-ETS) for Telepoint applications within Europe.

Section I. Historical and Marketplace Context.- 1 The Emerging Requirement.- 1.1 The Cordless Telephone and Cellular Radio.- 1.1.1 The Emergence and Development of New Markets.- 1.1.2 Lessons from the Cellular Market.- 1.2 Market Positioning of New Services.- 1.3 The Cordless Telephone Market.- 1.3.1 Structure and Requirements.- 1.3.2 CT2 and DECT — Competitors?.- 1.4 Market Segmentation and Interdependency.- 1.4.1 The Telepoint Market.- 1.4.2 The Wireless PABX Market.- 1.4.3 Market Sector Interdependency.- 1.5 Market Evolution.- 1.6 Summary.- 2 Proprietary Digital Cordless Products.- 2.1 Early Industry Collaboration.- 2.1.1 The Role of ESPA.- 2.1.2 CT2.- 2.1.3 The CEPT Initiative.- 2.1.4 Early Manufacturers’ Product Developments.- 2.1.5 CAI and Its Implications.- 2.1.6 The Conception of DECT.- 2.2 UK — The Zonephone.- 2.2.1 Origins and Evolution.- 2.2.2 Description of the Zonephone.- 2.3 UK — The Forum Personal Phone.- 2.3.1 Technical Development and Standards.- 2.3.2 Description of the Forum Personal Phone.- 2.4 Sweden — The DCT900.- 2.4.1 Origins.- 2.4.2 System Features and Components.- 2.5 Summary.- 3 The Development of European Standards.- 3.1 European Telecommunication Standards Procedures.- 3.1.1 Who Creates Standards?.- 3.1.2 What is a Standard?.- 3.2 The Need for Standards.- 3.2.1 Coexistence Specifications.- 3.2.2 Common Interface Specifications.- 3.3 Standards for Analogue Systems.- 3.3.1 The European CEPT CT1 Standard.- 3.3.2 ELSE, The West German Common Interface Specification for CEPT CT1+.- 3.3.3 The UK Analogue Standard UK CT1.- 3.3.4 The French Analogue Standard F CT1.- 3.4 Standards for Digital Systems.- 3.4.1 The European CEPT CT2 Service Definition.- 3.4.2 The UK Digital Standard CT2.- 3.4.3 The Common Air Interface Specification, CAI.- 3.4.4 The Swedish Digital Standard.- 3.4.5 The Digital European Cordless Telecommunications Standard, DECT.- 3.5 Summary.- 4 Telepoint et Pointel: European Perspectives.- 4.1 Telepoint Networks in the UK.- 4.1.1 Network Licences.- 4.1.2 Service Implementation.- 4.1.3 Service Evolution.- 4.1.4 Summary.- 4.2 Pointel: A French Perspective.- 4.2.1 Why a CT2 in France?.- 4.2.2 Pointel Infrastructure Requirements.- 4.2.3 The French Market: Now and in the Future.- 4.3 Views and Plans for Telepoint in Germany.- 4.3.1 The Development of Cordless Telephony in Germany.- 4.3.2 The Telepoint Idea.- 4.3.3 Market Approach.- 4.3.4 Further Steps.- 4.3.5 Conclusion.- 4.4 Italy.- 4.5 Finland.- 4.6 The MoU on a Harmonised European Telepoint Service.- Section II. Cordless Technology.- 5 Cordless Networks.- 5.1 Types of Network.- 5.1.1 Domestic Networks.- 5.1.2 Business Systems.- 5.1.3 Telepoint.- 5.1.4 Open Access Networks.- 5.1.5 Advanced Private Networks.- 5.2 Network Functional Issues.- 5.2.1 Mobility Management.- 5.2.2 Authentication.- 5.3 Standards Implications of Network Aspects.- 5.3.1 Air Interface Signalling.- 5.3.2 Other Network Standards.- 5.4 Summary.- 6 Audio Aspects.- 6.1 Voice Coding.- 6.1.1 Pulse Code Modulation, PCM.- 6.1.2 Adaptive Differential PCM, ADPCM.- 6.1.3 Delta Modulation, DM.- 6.1.4 Linear Predictive Coding, LPC.- 6.1.5 Speech Quality.- 6.1.6 Channel Coding.- 6.2 Voice Transmission Plan.- 6.2.1 Definitions.- 6.2.2 Transmission Plan for a Digital Cordless Telephone System.- 6.2.3 Transmission Plans for Specific Systems.- 6.3 Delay and Echo Control.- 6.3.1 Criteria for Acceptable Echoes.- 6.3.2 Echo Control at International Gateways.- 6.3.3 Echo Control for Non-international Circuits.- 6.3.4 Requirements and Solutions for Specific Systems.- 6.4 Voice Security and Speech Encryption.- 6.5 Summary.- 7 The Radio Channel.- 7.1 Spectrum Choice.- 7.2 Spectrum Requirements.- 7.3 Radio Coverage in Buildings.- 7.4 The Dispersive Channel.- 7.5 System Modelling Techniques.- 7.6 Usage of the Radio Channel.- 7.6.1 Duplex Transmission.- 7.6.2 Multiple Access.- 7.6.3 Dynamic Channel Assignment, DCA.- 7.7 Modulation.- 7.7.1 Requirements of Digital Modulation.- 7.7.2 Phase Shift Keying.- 7.7.3 Frequency Shift Keying.- 7.7.4 Minimum Shift Keying.- 7.7.5 Gaussian Filtered MSK.- 7.8 Error Control.- 7.9 Protocols.- 7.10 Summary.- 8 Cordless Data Communications.- 8.1 Cordless Data Services and Their Applications.- 8.1.1 ISDN Connections.- 8.1.2 Benefits of the Cordless Connection.- 8.1.3 The Cordless Office.- 8.1.4 Factory Management.- 8.1.5 Home Information Services.- 8.2 The Cordless Interface and Bearer Access.- 8.2.1 Diffuse Infrared Cordless LAN Extension.- 8.2.2 Distributed Control Radio Area Network.- 8.2.3 Integrated Services Protocols for DECT.- 8.3 Existing Cordless Data Systems.- 8.4 Summary.- 9 Implementation Technology.- 9.1 Basic Transceiver Architecture and Design.- 9.2 Technology for Analogue Low Band and CEPT CT1.- 9.3 Technology for First Generation Digital Systems in the UK and Sweden.- 9.4 Technology for DECT.- 9.5 Future Trends.- 9.6 Summary.- Section III. The Future.- 10 The Future of Personal Communications.- 10.1 The RACE Mobile Telecommunications Project.- 10.2 Personal Communications Networks, PCNs.- 10.2.1 Background.- 10.2.2 PCN Technology.- 10.2.3 Applicants and Licence Awards in the UK.- 10.3 The Role of CCIR-FPLMTS.- 10.3.1 Interim Working Party 8/13: Origins and Terms of Reference.- 10.3.2 Technical Concepts.- 10.3.3 Current Status.- 10.3.4 Continuing Activities.- 10.4 The Role of CCITT — Personal Telecommunications.- 10.5 Towards the Personal Communicator?.- 10.5.1 CAI and DECT.- 10.5.2 PCN.- 10.5.3 The Personal Communicator.- 10.5.4 A Future World Standard?.- Section IV. Technical Appendixes.- Appendix 1. Operation of the DCT900 System.- A1. 1 System Architecture.- A1.2 System Concepts.- A1.2.1 TDMA/TDD Format.- A1.2.2 Multi-Carrier Operation.- A1.2.3 Dynamic Channel Assignment, DCA.- A1.3 Call Protocols.- A1.3.1 Idle State.- A1.3.2 Call Set-up.- A1.3.3 Handover.- A1.4 System Capacity and Interfaces.- A1.4.1 Capacity.- A1.4.2 Interfaces.- Appendix 2. The Common Air Interface MPT 1375.- A2.1 Aims of MPT 1375.- A2.2 Structure of MPT 1375.- A2.3 Part 1: The Radio Interface.- A2.4 Part 2: Signalling Layers 1 & 2.- A2.5 Part 3: Signalling Layer 3.- A2.6 Part 4: Speech Coding and Transmission Plan.- Appendix 3. The Digital European Cordless Telecommunications Specification DECT.- A3.1 The DECT Services.- A3.1.1 Standard (Residential) Cordless Telephony.- A3.1.2 Cordless Business Communications Systems.- A3.1.3 Public Access — Telepoint.- A3.1.4 Evolutionary Applications.- A3.2 Structure of the Specification.- A3.3 Part 0: The Introduction.- A3.4 Part 1: The Physical Layer, PHL.- A3.5 Part 2: The Medium Access Control Layer, MAC.- A3.5.1 Allocation and Release of Physical Resources.- A3.5.2 Multiplexing of Logical Channels.- A3.5.3 Error Control.- A3.6 Part 3: The Data Link Control Layer, DLC.- A3.7 Part 4: The Network Layer, NWL.- A3.8 Part 5: The Management Entity, MGE.- A3.9 Part 6: Audio Transmission.- A3.10 Part 7: Data Transmission.- Appendix 4. Glossary of Terms.- Contributors’ Biographical Details.