Defining Excellence in Simulation Programs

Defining Excellence in Simulation Programs is an official publication of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH), created to support the Society’s mission to encourage excellence in healthcare education, practice and research through the use of simulation.

With nearly 140 expert clinicians and educators contributing, this authoritative guide offers clear-cut definitions, recommendations and best practices for all types of simulation training programs. This is a must-read for healthcare managers, educators and researchers looking to create or manage successful, cost-effective, researched-based simulation programs.

A wide range of topics -- essential to the development and management of successful and cost-effective simulation programs – include: Simulation Standards – best practices and program development; Types of Simulation Programs – infrastructure, framework; Simulators – types, selection and usage; Funding – fundraising, income sources; Management – asset management, policies and procedures; Environmental Design – building a simulation center; technical infrastructure; and Educational Development; Faculty Development; Research, and more, including:

• Well-referenced, reader-friendly content is continually available, practical and timely
• Standards and recommendations based on actual programs around the world that have proven to be sustainable, cost-effective and successful
• Editors and many authors central to SSH’s role in learning and defining best practices for simulation and simulation program management
• Interprofessional group of editors and authors offering diverse perspectives, from areas of nursing, medicine, allied health, numerous specialties, and non-clinical fields
including organizational behavior, psychology, statistics, business, and engineering
• Terms of Reference – Defines and standardizes simulation terms and concepts for users, learners and developers
• Experts Corner – Commentary on particular areas of training, research and program development by simulation experts and founders
• Consider This – Text boxes provide practical how-to sections on important related topics =

1. SIMULATION STANDARDS

1.1 Accreditation Standards

Ellen S. Deutsch and Janice Palaganas

1.2 Standards of Best Practice

Suzan E. Kardong-Edgren, Teri Boese, and Valerie M. Howard

1.3 Simulation Center Program Metrics

Sandra J. Feaster, John H. Shatzer, Troy Reihsen, John W. Lutz, and Farrah F. Leland

1.4 Educators and Certification

Andrew Spain, Cate F. Nicholas, Connie Lopez, and

Katie Walker

1.5 Quality Improvement in Simulation – Would We Have It Any Other Way?

Juli Maxworthy and Jared M. Kutzin

2. TYPES OF SIMULATION PROGRAMS

2.1 Infrastructure/Staffing Models and Job Descriptions

Sara Kim, Wendy Hewitt, and Andrew Spain

Text Box: Scheduling Software

Chad Epps and Penni I. Watts

2.2 Optimizing Education with in situ Simulation

Justin L. Lockman, Aditee P. Ambardekar, and Ellen S. Deutsch

2.3 Mobile Simulations

Brent Thorkelson

2.4 Interprofessional Simulations

Janice Palaganas and Laura Rock

Text Box: How Simulation Can Further IPE

Beth Mancini

2.5 Continuum of Care

Deb Navedo and Pat Reidy

2.6 Just-in-time Training Programs

Anne Marie Monachino and Stephanie Tuttle

2.7 Bootcamps

Roberta L. Hales and Stephanie Tuttle

2.8 Systems Integration

Yue Dong, Juli Maxworthy, and Bill Dunn

2.9 A Model for Establishing a Rural Simulation Partnership

Rebekah Damazo and Sherry Fox

3. SIMULATORS

3.1 The Taxonomy of Simulation

Chad Epps and Janice Palaganas

3.2 Mannequins

Frederick L. Slone and Samsun Lampotang

Text Box: How I Got Involved

Jeff Cooper

David Gaba

3.3 Standardized Patients

Kathy Schaivone, Tamara L. Owens, and

Gayle Gliva-McConvey

3.4 Simulated Persons (aka "Confederates")

Jill S. Sanko, Ilya Shekhter, Richard R. Kyle, Jr., and

David Birnbach

TEXT BOX: Role Exit

Janice Palaganas and Peggy Wallace

Text Box: Using Volunteers

Laura Rock

3.5 Procedural Training

Roy Phitayakorn and Daniel A. Hashimoto

3.6 Hybrid

Wendy Gammon

3.7 Virtual Simulation

Eric B. Bauman and Penny Ralston-Berg

3.8 Repurposing of Equipment

Shad Deering and Taylor L. Sawyer

3.9 Warranties/Fix-It-Yourself

Marcus Watson

4. FUNDING

4.1 Where’s the Money? Sources of Revenue

Jennifer A. Calzada

4.2 Establishing Your Budget

Stephanie Tuttle

4.3 How to Write a Thorough Business Plan

M. Scott Williams and Danyel L. Helgeson

4.4 How to Create Buy-in

Katie Walker and Ian Curran

Text Box: How to Create Champions

Paul Phrampus

4.5 Fundraising: A Potential Additional Source of Income for the Research and Educational Activities of a Clinical Simulation Center

Guillaume Alinier and Jean-Claude Granry

4.6 Grant Writing

Sandrijn M. van Schaik

4.7 Partnering with Vendors

David M. LaCombe and Graham Whiteside

5. MANAGEMENT

5.1 Business Needs and Assets Assessment

Sandra J. Feaster and Jennifer A. Calzada

Text Box: Determining Pricing for Simulation Services and Ensuring Sustainability

Paul Pribaz and Christine S. Park

5.2 Policies and Procedures

Thomas A. Dongilli, Ilya Shekhter, and Jesika S. Gavilanes

5.3 Writing and Implementing a Strategic Plan

Gail Johnson and Jeanette L. Augustson

Text Box: Feedback Loops and Communication–

Cascading to Keep It Flowing

Juli Maxworthy

Text Box: Projects Galore! How Do I Handle This?

Janice Palaganas

5.4 Writing and Implementing a Systematic Evaluation Plan

Gail Johnson

5.5 Management of Standardized Patient Centers

Nancy Heine and Diane M. Ferguson

5.6 Community Applications

Juli Maxworthy and KT Waxman

6. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

6.1 Designing a Simulation Center: Key Pointers Taking into Account Intended Primary and Secondary Usage of the Facilities

Guillaume Alinier, Francois Lecomte, and Ismaël Hssain

6.2 Space: Potential Locations to Conduct Full-scale Simulation-based Education

Guillaume Alinier, Jean Claude Granry, Ashwin A. Kalbag, Roger Lister Kneebone, and Fernando Bello

6.3 Technical Infrastructure

Brian Moores and Amar P. Patel

6.4 Transition to a New Center

Wendy Gammon and H. Michael Young

7. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

7.1 Learning Needs Assessment

Rebecca Wilson and Debra Hagler

7.2 How to Integrate Simulation into Curriculum

Soledad Armijo

7.3 Common Theories

Brad Morrison and Cathy Deckers

7.4 Assessment

Wendy Anson

7.5 CME

Jason Zigmont

8. FACULTY DEVELOPMENT

8.1 Educator Training/Simulation Methodology Courses

Jason Zigmont, Nichole I. Oocumma, Demian Szyld, and

José Maestre

8.2 Debriefing

Keith Littlewood and Demian Szyld

8.3 Realism and Moulage

Rebekah Damazo and Sherry D. Fox

8.4 Contingency Planning

Ceci Canales and Yue Ming Huang

8.5 The Ethics of Simulation

Amy B. Smith and Stephen E. Lammers

9. RESEARCH

9.1 Research in Healthcare Simulation

Marjorie Lee White and Dawn Taylor Peterson

9.2 Simulation Research Considerations

Suzan E. Kardong-Edgren, Peter Dieckmann, and James C.

Phero

9.3 Institutional Review Board

Dawn Taylor Peterson and Marjorie Lee White

10. Resources

Alicia Gill Rossiter, Susan Garbutt, and Rita F. D'Aoust

Glossary

Index

Janice Palaganas, PhD, RN, NP is a Lecturer for Harvard Medical School and the Associate Director of the Institute for Medical Simulation in Boston, Massachusetts – the most renown program for interprofessional simulation educator training. A recognized leader and expert in the field of simulation, Dr. Palaganas is Principal Faculty for the Center for Medical Simulation, the implementing director of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare’s (SSH) Accreditation and Certification Program, and Chair of the 2011 Simulation and IPE Symposium.

Dr. Palaganas is also an author for the National League for Nursing (NLN) study for high-stakes assessment using simulation for nursing students and authored and evaluated the challenges of assessing teamwork in students using simulation. She received her Bachelor’s of Science degree in Nursing, as well as two Masters degrees as an Adult Nurse Practitioner and Geriatric Nurse Practitioner, from the University of Pennsylvania, and her PhD in Nursing at Loma Linda University exploring healthcare simulation as a platform for interprofessional education.