Designing with Light (2^nd Ed.)
The Art, Science, and Practice of Architectural Lighting Design

The new edition of the popular introduction to architectural lighting design, covering all stages of the lighting design process

Designing with Light: The Art, Science, and Practice of Architectural Lighting Design, Second Edition, provides students and professionals alike with comprehensive understanding of the use of lighting to define and enhance a space. This accessible, highly practical textbook covers topics such as the art and science of color, color rendering and appearance, lighting control systems, building codes and standards, and sustainability and energy conservation. Throughout the text, accomplished lighting designer and instructor Jason Livingston offers expert insights on the use of color, the interaction between light and materials, the relation between light, vision, and psychology, and more.

Fully revised and updated throughout, the second edition features new chapters on design thinking, common lighting techniques, and lighting economics. Expanded sections on aesthetics, controlling LEDs, light, and health, designing with light, and color mixing luminaires are supported by new case studies, examples, and exercises. Featuring hundreds of high-quality color images and illustrations, Designing with Light:

• Provides systematic guidance on all aspects of the lighting design process
• Thoroughly covers color and light, including color perception, color rendering, and designing with colored light
• Explains the theory behind the practice of architectural lighting design
• Contains information on cost estimating, life cycle analysis, voluntary energy programs, and professional lighting design credentials

Includes an instructor resource site with PowerPoint presentations, test questions, and suggested assignments for each chapter, and also a student site with flashcards, self-evaluation tests, and helpful calculators. Designing with Light: The Art, Science, and Practice of Architectural Lighting Design, Second Edition is perfect for architecture, interior design, and electrical engineering programs that include courses on lighting design, as well as professionals looking for a thorough and up-to-date desk reference.

Preface to the Second Edition  xiii

Preface to the First Edition  xv

Acknowledgments  xvii

About the Author xix

Chapter 1: The Lighting Design Profession  1

The Lighting Designer’s Scope of Practice  2

Professional Lighting Design Credentials  5

Digital Resources  7

References  7

Chapter 2: The Design Process and Lighting Design  9

What Is Lighting Design? 9

Phases of the Architectural Design Process  10

Beginning the Lighting Design  14

A Lighting Design Process 15

Digital Resources  17

References  17

Chapter 3: Designing with Light  19

Thinking About Light  19

Thinking About Luminaires  24

Thinking About Lighting Architecture  27

Thinking About Variety and Contrast  29

Thinking About Everything – Layers of Light  30

Communicating Design Ideas  31

Approaches to the Lighting Design Process 36

Additional Considerations  50

Digital Resources  50

References  51

Chapter 4: What Is Light?  53

Light Is Illumination 53

Light Is Rays of Vision  54

Light Is a Material  54

Light Is Rays  55

Light Is Colored Rays 55

Light Is Waves 56

Light Is Particles  56

Light Is Waves, Again  57

Light Is Waves and Particles, aka Quanta 59

Light Is Art  60

Light Is a Tool  61

Digital Resources  62

References  62

Chapter 5: How We See  63

From Light Source to Vision  63

The Eye 64

How We See Color  68

Visual Performance  71

Digital Resources  74

References  74

Chapter 6: Light and Perception  77

Perception  77

Impressions 78

Lighting, Architecture, and Impressions 79

Light and Behavior  86

Digital Resources  86

References  87

Chapter 7: Distribution of Light  89

Interaction of Light and Materials  89

Types of Distribution 96

Other Distribution Issues 98

Digital Resources  101

References  102

Chapter 8: Light Sources and Lamps 103

Light Sources  103

Lamp Shapes  115

Lamp Sizes  118

Lamp Bases 120

Beam Angle and Field Angle 122

Describing a Lamp  124

Selecting a Light Source  126

Lamp Information for Consumers  127

Digital Resources  128

References and Suggested Readings  128

Chapter 9: The Science of Color in Light 131

Why Understand the Science of Color?  131

The Special Nature of Vision  131

Colorimetry 132

Standard Observers 132

Chromaticity Diagrams  135

Colors of White Light  139

How Do We Define White Light?  144

Chromaticity Differences 146

Color Rendering  149

Light Source Color Characteristics 163

Other Issues in Color 164

Chromatic Light  169

Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing  171

Digital Resources  174

References and Suggested Readings  174

Chapter 10: Designing with Color in Light  177

Selecting Color Temperature 177

Tunable Lighting  180

Using TM- 30 188

Using Colored Light  193

Color and Meaning 196

Color and Environment  197

Sources of Colored Light 204

Digital Resources  207

References  208

Chapter 11: Lighting Fixtures or Luminaires 209

Luminaire Components 210

Common Luminaire Types 213

Mounting Conditions  223

Outdoor Luminaires  224

Luminaire Consideration Summary  226

Reading Manufacturer’s Literature  226

Modifying Luminaires  230

Custom Luminaires  230

Luminaire Sales and Information  230

Digital Resources  235

References  236

Chapter 12: Lighting Techniques and Details 237

Wall Washing  237

Wall Grazing 240

Accent Lighting 241

Cove Lighting  242

Scallops  243

Luminous Ceilings 245

Under- Shelf Lighting  246

Digital Resources  248

References  249

Chapter 13: Daylighting  251

The Benefits of Daylighting  251

Planning for Daylighting  252

Code Requirements  253

Solar Angles  253

Building Orientation  254

Glazing 255

Designing Daylighting 256

Shading Strategies  261

Digital Resources  262

References  263

Chapter 14: Lighting Controls  265

Electricity and Electrical Engineering  265

Why Do We Need Controls?  268

Basic Controls  269

Control Protocols  272

Other Control System Components 279

Control Systems  280

Commissioning Control Systems  285

Digital Resources  286

References  287

Chapter 15: Photometrics and Calculations  289

Terms Describing Brightness  289

Units for Measuring Light  290

How Much Light Is Required?  291

Illuminance Calculations  292

Glare Calculations 308

Flicker Calculations  309

Digital Resources  310

References and Suggested Readings  311

Chapter 16: Documenting the Design 313

Reflected Ceiling Plan or Lighting Plan  313

Luminaire Designations 320

Developing the RCP  320

Luminaire Cut Sheets  331

Luminaire or Fixture Schedule  333

Specifications  336

Documenting Controls  338

Load Calculations  341

Digital Resources  343

References  344

Chapter 17: Building and Energy Codes  345

Model Codes  346

Model Building Codes 347

Model Energy Codes 348

Verifying Energy Code Compliance  350

Digital Resources  351

References  352

Chapter 18: Sustainability  353

Voluntary Programs  354

Qualified Products Lists 357

What Else Can We Do? 358

Assessing Sustainability 361

Digital Resources  362

References and Suggested Readings  363

Chapter 19: Light and Health  365

Biological Rhythms  365

Measuring Circadian Entrainment Effectiveness 367

Other Health Uses for Light 368

Light Deficiency and Light Therapy  370

Full- Spectrum Lighting  371

Harmful Effects of Light  372

Light and the Aging Eye  372

WELL Building Standard  373

Digital Resources  374

References  374

Chapter 20: Lighting Economics  377

Initial Cost  377

Simple Payback 378

Life- Cycle Cost Analysis 379

Additional Value Considerations  381

Digital Resources  381

References  382

Appendix: Lighting Design–Related Professional Organizations  383

Glossary  385

Index  401

Jason Livingston is Principal at Studio T+L, a leading lighting design firm based in New York City. He is Co-Chair of the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) Color Committee, Adjunct Faculty at the New York School of Interior Design, Assistant Professor at Parsons School of Design at The New School Open Campus, and Visiting Associate Professor at the Pratt Institute. His areas of expertise include interior lighting design, theatrical lighting design, color, and lighting education.