Psychoanalysis and Politics
Histories of Psychoanalysis Under Conditions of Restricted Political Freedom

More than just a therapeutic technique, psychoanalysis as a school of thought has redefined our ideas on sexuality, the self, morality, family, and the nature of the mind for much of the twentieth century. At its broadest, Freud's thinking on civilization and social forces provides a context in which to consider the history of political struggle among individuals and societies. This volume explores a central paradox in the evolution of psychoanalytic thought and practice and the ways in which they were used. Why and how have some authoritarian regimes utilized psychoanalytic concepts of the self to envisage a new social and political order? How did psychoanalysis provide both theoretical and practical elements to legitimize resistance to those same regimes? How can a school of thought be co-opted so deftly by different groups for different political ends? Bringing together contributions from innovative scholars of history, politics, and psychoanalysis, this volume analyzes the various outcomes of this fascinating and influential theory's development under a wide spectrum of governments that restricted political and cultural freedoms from the 1930s to the present. The regimes analyzed range from Fascist Italy, Vichy France, and Spain and Hungary under Fascism and Communism; modern Latin American dictatorships, such as Brazil and Argentina in the 1960s and 1970s; and the influence of Hoover, McCarthy, and the larger Cold War on psychoanalysis in America. A fresh addition to an enormous body of scholarship, this will be required reading for academics interested in the relationship between politics and non-political systems of thoughts and beliefs, the transnational circulation of ideas, social movements, and the intellectual and social history of psychoanalysis.

Introduction. Mariano Plotkin and Joy Damousi. Introduction: Europe. 1. Origin, Rise and Destruction of a Psychoanalytic Culture in Fascist Italy, 1922-1938. Mauro Pasqualini. 2. Psychoanalysis under the Vichy Regime. Annick Ohayon (translated by Edith Nicolas). 3. Psychoanalysis in Franco's Spain (1939-1975): Cronica de Una "Agonia" Anunciada. Anne-Cecile Druet. 4. Effect of Dictatorial Regimes on the Psychoanalytic Movement in Hungary before and after the Second World War. Judit Meszaros. Introduction: Latin America. 5. Psychoanalysis in Brazil during Vargas' Time. C. Lucia M.Valladares de Oliveira (translated by Christine Puleo Reis). 6. Psychoanalysis in Argentina under Peronism and Anti-Peronism (1943-1963). Alejandro Dagfal. 7. The Social Diffusion of Psychoanalysis during the Brazilian Military Regime: Psychological Awareness in an Age of Political Repression. Jane A. Russo . 8. The Diffusion of Psychoanalysis under Conditions of Political Authoritarianism: The Case of Argentina, 1960s and 1970s. Mariano Ben Plotkin. Introduction: Psychoanalysis in the US during the Cold War and 1960s. 9. "Have You No Shame": American Redbaiting of Europe's Psychoanalysts. Elizabeth Ann Danto. 10. Psychoanalysis, Authoritarianism, and the 1960s. Eli Zaretsky. Select Bibliography.

Joy Damousi, PhD, is Professor of History in the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at the University of Melbourne. Mariano Ben Plotkin, PhD, is a researcher at the National Council of Scientific Research (CONICET) and Professor at the Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Argentina.