Fluorine in heterocyclic chemistry

The present work combines comprehensive information on chemistry of fluorinated heterocycles of interest to synthetic organic chemists in general, and particularly for those colleagues working in the fields of chemistry of heterocyclic compounds, medicinal chemistry, materials chemistry, fluorine chemistry. All information is presented and classified clearly to be effective source for broad auditory of chemists. It will be interesting for scientists working in the field of inorganic and coordination chemistry. Fluorinated heterocycles are becoming increasingly important in the pharmaceutical industry, materials science and agriculture. The presence of fluorine can result in substantial functional changes in the biological as well as physicochemical properties of organic compounds. Incorporation of fluorine into drug molecules can highly affect their physicochemical properties, such as bond strength, lipophilicity, bioavailability, conformation, electrostatic potential, dipole moment, pKa etc, pharmacokinetic properties, such as tissue distribution, rate of metabolism, and pharmacological consequences, such as pharmacodynamics and toxicology.

Pyrrole. Furan, benzofuran. Thiophene, benzothiophene. Indole. 1,2-Azole (pyrazole, isoxasole, isothiazole) and benzoanalogues. 1,3-Azole (imidazole, thiazole, oxazole) and benzoanalogues. Pyridine. Quinoline and Quinolones. Isoquinoline. Pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine. Triazines. Purines. Triazole (benzotriazole) and tetrazole. Heterocycles with nitrogen junction. Porphyrins and phthalocyanins. Fluorine and heterocycles – two privilege units for medicinal chemistry. Fluorine and new materials. Fluorinated dihetarylethenes as a new photochromic materials. 18F heterocycles in positron emission tomography.