Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology (2^nd Ed.)

The world's leading student text on physical volcanology offers an unmatched introduction to the field

In the newly revised second edition of Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to the processes that control when and how volcanoes erupt. The book addresses all aspects of modern volcanology, from petrology and geochemistry to rock physics, fluid dynamics and thermodynamics.

With the help of new and improved illustrations, this new edition explains eruption types and mechanisms, subsurface processes, volcanic eruption products, and how volcanoes affect their surrounding environment.

Readers will also find:

• Quantitative treatment of physical volcanological processes
• A review of the historical development of volcanology
• Examples of current research trends and topics in volcanology

Perfect for undergraduate earth sciences students around the globe, Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology will also earn a place in the libraries of researchers in related fields seeking an accessible introduction to the principles of physical volcanology.

1. Volcanic systems
Introduction
Styles of volcanic eruptions
Volcanic systems
The structure and aims of this book
Further reading / Questions to think about

2. Magma generation and segregation
Introduction
Rock-melting mechanisms
Volcanism and plate tectonics
Melting and melt segregation in the mantle
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

3. Magma migration
Introduction
Diapiric rise of melt
The change from diapir rise to dike formation
Dike propagation
Trapping of dikes
Consequences of dike trapping
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

4. Magma storage
Introduction
Evidence for magma storage within the crust
Formation and growth of magma chambers
Magma chambers and their impact on volcanic systems
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

5. The role of volatiles
Introduction
Volatiles in magma
The solubility of volatiles in magma
Bubble nucleation
Bubble growth
Influence of volatiles on magma dynamics
Magma fragmentation and the influence of volatiles on eruption styles
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

6. Steady explosive eruptions
Introduction
Influence of gas bubbles prior to magma fragmentation
Acceleration of the gas–magma mixture
Controls on exit velocity
Eruption plumes in steady eruptions
Fallout of clasts from eruption plumes
Unstable eruption columns
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

7. Transient volcanic eruptions
Introduction
Magmatic explosions
Transient eruptions involving external water
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

8. Pyroclastic falls and pyroclastic density currents
Introduction
Fallout of clasts from eruption columns
The application of eruption column models
Pyroclastic density currents and their deposits
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

9. Lava flows
Introduction
Origin of lava flows
Types of lava flow
Lava flow rheology
Rheological control of lava flow geometry
Lava flow motion
Lengths of lava flows
Surface textures of lava flows
Effects of ground slope and lava viscosity
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

10. Eruption styles, scales, and frequencies
Introduction
Chemical composition and styles of volcanic activity
Chemical composition and effusive eruptions
Chemical composition and explosive eruptions
Summary of compositional controls on eruption character
Magnitudes and frequencies of volcanic eruptions
Elastic and inelastic eruptions and the contribution of "mush"
Eruptions of exceptional magnitude
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

11. Volcanic hazards and volcano monitoring
Introduction
Types of volcanic hazard
Hazard assessment
Monitoring volcanoes and short-term eruption prediction
Hazard mitigation
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

12. Volcanoes and climate
Introduction
Evidence for the impact of volcanic eruptions on climate
Satellite monitoring of climate change after volcanic eruptions
The effects of volcanic eruptions on climate
Volcanoes and mass extinctions
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

13. Volcanism on other planets
Introduction
Volcanically active bodies in the Solar System
The effects of environmental conditions on volcanic processes
The Moon
Mars
Venus
Mercury
Io
Europa
Differentiated asteroids
Summary / Further reading / Questions to think about

Answers to questions
Index

Elizabeth Parfitt was an Honorary Research Fellow at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom and was a Faculty Member at the University of Leeds, as well as the State University of New York in Buffalo, United States.

Lionel Wilson is Head of the Planetary Science Research Group in the Environmental Science Department at Lancaster University, UK. He is also a Visiting Professor at the University of Hawaii and Brown University in the United States.

Laura Kerber is a Research Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology. She earned her doctorate in geology from Brown University.