Principles of Wireless Access and Localization (2^nd Ed.)

A comprehensive, encompassing and accessible text examining a wide range of key Wireless Networking and Localization technologies

This book provides a unified treatment of issues related to all wireless access and wireless localization techniques.  The book reflects principles of design and deployment of infrastructure for wireless access and localization for wide, local, and personal networking.   Description of wireless access methods includes design and deployment of traditional TDMA and CDMA technologies and emerging Long Term Evolution (LTE) techniques for wide area cellular networks, the IEEE 802.11/WiFi wireless local area networks as well as IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband (UWB), RF Microwave and body area networks used for sensor and ad hoc networks.  The principles  of wireless localization techniques using time-of-arrival and received-signal-strength of the wireless signal used in military and commercial applications in smart devices operating in urban, indoor and inside the human body localization are explained and compared.  

Questions, problem sets and hands-on projects enhances the learning experience for students to understand and appreciate the subject. These include analytical  and practical examples with software projects to challenge students in practically important simulation problems, and problem sets that use MatLab.

Key features:

• Provides a broad coverage of main wireless technologies including emerging technical developments such as body area networking and cyber physical systems
• Written in a tutorial form that can be used by students and researchers in the field
• Includes practical examples and software projects to challenge students in practically important simulation problems

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Elements of Information Networks 3

1.3 Evolution of Wireless Access to the PSTN 17

1.4 Evolution of Wireless Access to the Internet 21

1.5 Evolution of Wireless Localization Technologies 27

1.6 Structure of this Book 29

Part I PRINCIPLES OF AIR–INTERFERENCE DESIGN

2 Characteristics of the Wireless Medium 39

2.1 Introduction 39

2.2 Modeling of Large-scale RSS, Path Loss, and Shadow Fading 45

2.3 Modeling of RSS Fluctuations and Doppler Spectrum 60

2.4 Wideband Modeling of Multipath Characteristics 72

2.5 Emerging Channel Models 79

Appendix A2: What Is the Decibel? 84

3 Physical Layer Alternatives forWireless Networks 99

3.1 Introduction 99

3.2 Physical Layer Basics: Data rate, Bandwidth, and Power 100

3.3 Performance in Multipath Wireless Channels 107

3.4 Wireless Transmission Techniques 112

3.5 Multipath Resistant Techniques 120

3.6 Coding Techniques for Wireless Communications 136

3.7 Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access 145

Appendix A3 145

4 Medium Access Methods 153

4.1 Introduction 153

4.2 Centralized Assigned-Access Schemes 155

4.3 Distributed Random Access for Data Oriented Networks 173

4.4 Integration of Voice and Data Traffic 195

Part II PRINCIPLES OF NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN

5 Deployment ofWireless Networks 217

5.1 Introduction 217

5.2 Wireless Network Architectures 218

5.3 Interference in Wireless Networks 224

5.4 Deployment of Wireless LANs 233

5.5 Cellular Topology, Cell Fundamentals, and Frequency Reuse 238

5.6 Capacity Expansion Techniques 248

5.7 Network Planning for CDMA Systems 268

5.8 Femtocells 270

6 Wireless Network Operations 275

6.1 Introduction 275

6.2 Cell Search and Registration 281

6.3 Mobility Management 283

6.4 Radio Resources and Power Management 301

7 Wireless Network Security 321

7.1 Introduction 321

7.2 Security in Wireless Local Networks 324

7.3 Security in Wireless Personal Networks 330

7.4 Security in Wide Area Wireless Networks 334

7.5 Miscellaneous Issues 340

Appendix A7: An Overview of Cryptography and Cryptographic Protocols 341

Part III WIRELESS LOCAL ACCESS

8 Wireless LANs 357

8.1 Introduction 357

8.2 Wireless Local Area Networks and Standards 363

8.3 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Operations 369

9 Low Power Sensor Networks 405

9.1 Introduction 405

9.2 Bluetooth 406

9.3 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee 424

9.4 IEEE 802.15.6 Body Area Networks 434

10 GigabitWireless 447

10.1 Introduction 447

10.2 UWB Communications at 3.1–10.6 GHz 451

10.3 Gigabit Wireless at 60 GHz 467

Part IV WIDE AREA WIRELESS ACCESS

11 TDMA Cellular Systems 479

11.1 Introduction 479

11.2 What is TDMA Cellular? 480

11.3 Mechanisms to Support a Mobile Environment 486

11.4 Communication Protocols 491

11.5 Channel Models for Cellular Networks 501

11.6 Transmission Techniques in TDMA Cellular 508

11.7 Evolution of TDMA for Internet Access 512

12 CDMA Cellular Systems 519

12.1 Introduction 519

12.2 Why CDMA? 520

12.3 CDMA Based Cellular Systems 521

12.4 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 522

12.5 Communication Channels and Protocols in Example CDMA Systems 534

12.6 Cell Search, Mobility, and Radio Resource Management in CDMA 546

12.7 High Speed Packet Access 554

13 OFDM and MIMO Cellular Systems 561

13.1 Introduction 561

13.2 Why OFDM? 562

13.3 Multiple Input Multiple Output 572

13.4 WiMax 576

13.5 Long Term Evolution 582

13.6 LTE Advanced 591

Part V WIRELESS LOCALIZATION

14 Geolocation Systems 597

14.1 Introduction 597

14.2 What is Wireless Geolocation? 598

14.3 RF Location Sensing and Positioning Methodologies 602

14.4 Location Services Architecture for Cellular Systems 613

14.5 Positioning in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 620

15 Fundamentals of RF Localization 625

15.1 Introduction 625

15.2 Modeling of the Behavior of RF Sensors 626

15.3 Performance Bounds for Ranging 631

15.4 Wireless Positioning Algorithms 639

16 Wireless Localization in Practice 653

16.1 Introduction 653

16.2 Emergence of Wi-Fi Localization 653

16.3 Comparison of Wi-Fi Localization Systems 657

16.4 Practical TOA Measurement 665

16.5 Localization in the Absence of DP 669

16.6 Challenges in Localization inside the Human Body 675

References 687

Index 701

Kaveh Pahlavan, Professor of ECE, a Professor of CS, and Director of the Center for Wireless Information Network Studies at Worcester Polytechnic Institute.  He is also a visiting Professor of Telecommunication Laboratory and Center for Wireless Communications at the University of Oulu, Finland.  His area of research is location aware broadband sensor and ad hoc networks and he is the founder and Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal on Wireless Information Networks, the first journal in modern wireless networks established in 1994.

Prashant Krishnamurthy, Associate Professor for the graduate program in Telecommunications & Networking at the University of Pittsburgh, USA. His research interests include Wireless network security, wireless data networks, position location for wireless networks on which he has written numerous journal papers.