Journalistic Stance in Chinese and Australian Hard News, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2018

Adopting a multi-perspective ontological approach to language in social life, this book investigates the concept of journalistic stance, defining it as a nexus of social practice rather than simply linguistic realizations. It focuses on the discursive aspect of journalistic stance in news texts to analyse the ways journalistic stances are enacted in Chinese and Australian print-media, hard-news reporting. Further, using the appraisal framework, it identifies stance markers in news texts and examines the social-institutional and (inter)personal aspects of journalistic stance on the basis of insights gained from participant observation in news institutions in order to understand news-production processes. It also highlights the articulation of news values and the exercise of symbolic power in each news-production context. 

This book appeals to a wide range of researchers, such as discourse analysts in the field of news discourse and other scholars whose research is relevant to stance/evaluation, and those engaged in corpus-informed studies, along with those in the field journalism and communication.

Acknowledgements

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

1 Introduction

1.1 Research objectives

1.2 Delineating discourses of Risk

1.3 Delineating hard news reporting

1.4 What is journalistic stance: A working definition

1.5 Why study journalistic stance: Motivational relevancies and practical relevance 5

1.6 How to study journalistic stance: A multiperspectival approach

2 Linguistic Modelling of Journalistic Stance

2.1 Introduction

2.2 APPRAISAL, evaluation and stance

2.2.1 APPRAISAL

2.2.2 Evaluation

2.2.3 Stance

2.3 Modeling journalistic stance

2.4 Summary

3 A Multiperspectival Approach to Journalistic Stance:  From Ontology to Methodology

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Ecological validity of stance analysis

3.3 Envisaging consensus

3.4 Charting the research map of the multiperspectival approach

3.4.1 Understanding social practice in relation to the Domain Theory

3.4.2 Outlining the ontology of multiperspectival approach

3.4.2.1 The analysts’ perspective

3.4.2.2 The participants’ perspective: Identity and habitus

3.4.2.3 Social practice perspective: Interaction order

3.4.2.4 Social-institutional perspective: Discourses in place

3.4.2.5 Semiotic perspective

3.5 Fieldwork and ethnographic data

3.5.1 Preparation and documentation

3.5.1.1 Gaining access to the field

3.5.1.2 Formulating interview questions

3.5.2 Navigating the field

3.5.2.1 The outsider advantage and avoiding observer effect

3.5.2.2 Consolidating critical moments

3.5.3 Data storage and transcription

3.6 Summary

4 Corpus Construction and Annotation

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Determining the nature of the corpus

4.3 Contouring the frame of corpus data

4.4 Corpus preparation

4.4.1 Size of corpora

4.4.2 Representativeness of corpora

4.4.3 Balance

4.4.4 Copyright

4.4.5 Corpus software

4.4.6 Sampling procedures

4.4.7 Organizing corpus data

4.4.8 Character encoding

4.5 Corpus annotation

4.5.1.1 Part-of-Speech tagging

4.5.1.2 Semantic annotation of stance markers

4.5.1.3 Annotating local patterns of ATTITUDE

4.6 Summary

5 Attitude Profiling

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Frequent lemmas across corpora

5.3 Part-of-speech variation across corpora

5.3.1 Overall distribution of ATTITUDE across POS

5.3.2 Distribution of ATTITUDE across POS

5.3.2.1 Nouns

5.3.2.2 Verbs

5.3.2.3 Adverbs

5.3.2.4 Adjectives

5.4 Summary

6 The Strategic Ritual of Emotionality

6.1 Introduction

6.2 A brief review of emotion studies

6.3 Overview of affect patterns

6.4 Affect patterns in Chinese and Australian hard news

6.4.1 Patterns of ‘un/happiness’ in the Australian corpus

6.4.2 Patterns of ‘un/happiness’ in the Chinese corpus


6.4.3 Patterns of ‘dis/satisfaction’ in the Australian corpus

6.4.4 Patterns of ‘dis/satisfaction’ in the Chinese corpus


6.4.5 Patterns of ‘in/security’ in the Australian corpus


6.4.6 Patterns of ‘in/security’ in the Chinese corpus


6.5 Discussion

6.6 Summary

7 Judgement Patterns

7.1 Introduction

7.2 A brief review of JUDGEMENT studies

7.3 Overview of corpus analytic findings

7.4 Patterns of JUDGEMENT in Chinese corpus

7.4.1 Patterns of ‘capacity’

7.4.2 Patterns of ‘tenacity’

7.4.3 Patterns of ‘propriety’

7.5 Patterns of JUDGEMENT in the Australian corpus

7.5.1 Verbal patterns

7.5.2 Adverbial patterns

7.5.3 Adjectival patterns

7.5.3.1 Social esteem

7.5.3.2 Social sanction

7.6 Discussion

7.7 Summary

8 Engagement Patterns

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Overview of journalistic engagement markers

8.3 Attest patterns in the Australian and Chinese corpora

8.4 Endorse patterns in the Australian and Chinese corpora

8.5 Acknowledge patterns in the Australian and Chinese corpora

8.6 Discussion

8.7 Summary

9 News Values and Journalistic Stance

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Towards a taxonomy of news values

9.3 News values in Chinese and Australian hard news reporting

9.3.1 News values in Chinese hard news reporting

9.3.1.1 News values as inscribed in news policy documents

9.3.1.2 News values as highlighted in daily editorial meetings

9.3.1.3 News values as perceived by Chinese journalists

9.3.1.4 News values as reproduced in discursive stances

9.3.2 News values in Australian hard news reporting

9.4 Discussion

9.5 Summary

10 Symbolic Power and Journalistic Stance

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Conceptualizing symbolic power

10.3 Chinese press in transition

10.3.1 Chinese press: Commercialization and conglomeration

10.3.2 The status quo of the Chinese press

10.4 Journalistic stance and symbolic power in the Chinese press

10.4.1 Symbolic power and economic capital in the Chinese press

10.4.2 Symbolic power and social capital in the Chinese press

10.4.3 Symbolic power and cultural capital in the Chinese press

10.5 Understanding the Australian press

10.6 Symbolic power in the Australian and Chinese press: A comparison 194

10.7 Conclusion

References