Dispute Resolution in China
Litigation, Arbitration, Mediation and their Interactions

China's ever-expanding commercial influence has attracted global attention on how its civil and commercial disputes are resolved.

This compelling new book, Dispute Resolution in China, offers a detailed examination of the elements in the Chinese legal system and the relevant reforms to the multiplicity of approaches to civil and commercial disputes in China today. This book reveals how civil litigation, commercial arbitration, mediation, and their hybrid dispute resolution have distinctly responded to, reformed, and developed in the context of China?s transformational economic growth, societal development, and international interaction in the last two decades. It situates these developments and continued experimentation within a unique hybrid of empirical, contextual, and comparative analytical framework, while paving productive pathways towards the future.

This book argues that, rather than being a legal project, China?s civil and commercial dispute resolution system is essentially a social development project, which distinguishes the Chinese approach to civil justice reform from contemporary civil justice movements elsewhere. Among the primary methods of dispute resolution, commercial arbitration in China today uniquely transcending the traditional socio-political constraints, its reform has developed in favor of market-oriented considerations and shaped by China?s socio-economic dynamics and internationalization needs. By contrast, civil litigation and mediation being more instrumentalist in nature, their reform is socio-politically embedded and continues to prioritize social stability. This book also shines a fresh light on comparative assessments of top-down and bottom-up changes in China?s dispute resolution discourse, as well as on how China speaks to international dispute resolution systems.

Original and rich in its analysis, this book will be essential reading and invaluable reference tool for scholars with a focus on Chinese law, comparative and international dispute resolution, and on broader legal, institutional, economic, social, political and cultural dimensions of dispute resolution development.

Part I: Background of Dispute Resolution in China 1. Introduction to Dispute Resolution 2.Courts and Dispute Resolution Part II: The Laws of and Developments in China’s Major Dispute Resolution Systems 3. Civil Litigation: Evolution towards a More Litigious Society 4. Arbitration: A Synthesis of Unique Socio-economic Dynamics 5. Mediation: Scattered Regime and Socio-political Orientations Part III: Interaction between Litigation, Arbitration, Mediation and China’s Hybrid Dispute Resolution Systems and Developments 6. Judicial Mediation: The Juggling Path between Adjudicatory and Mediatory Justice 7. Judicial Enforcement of Arbitration: Extending a Pro-Arbitration Judicial Embrace 8. Med-Arb: When Local Practices Meet (or Do Not Meet) International Expectations Part IV: Conclusion 9. Conclusions: China’s Civil Justice Reform

Weixia Gu is an Associate Professor at The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Faculty of Law, and a Co-Chair of the American Society of International Law Asia-Pacific Interest Group, where she specialises in arbitration and dispute resolution (both international and domestic) and private international law, with a focus on China. She is the author and editor of over 60 books, book chapters and journal articles. Her works have appeared in leading comparative and international law journals in the East and West, and her scholarship has been cited by the US Court of Appeals Eleventh Circuit, US Texas Supreme Court, and Singapore Law Gazette. She is the recipient of HKU’s Outstanding Young Researcher Award in 2018.