Environmental Change, Forced Displacement and International Law
from legal protection gaps to protection solutions
Law and Migration Series

This book explores the increasing concern over the extent to which those suffering from forced cross-border displacement as a result of environmental change are protected under international human rights law. Formally they are not entitled to admission or stay in a third state country, a situation that has been identified as an international "legal protection gap".

The book seeks to provide answers to two basic questions: whether and to what extent existing international law protects cross-border environmental displacement, and whether and how existing formalized regional complementary protection standards can interpretively solidify and conceptualize protection for cross-border environmental displacement. The discussion outlines that the protection of the human person is not only an ex post facto obligation of states, but must be increasingly seen as an ex ante one. The analysis further suggests that the European Union regionally orientated protection regime can help states to consolidate an evolving protection paradigm of proactive and reactive measures being erected at the international level. It can also narrow the identified legal protection gaps. In so doing, it helps states to reconceptualise protection as a holistic and dynamic enterprise.

This book will be of great interest to academics in law, political science and human rights, policy makers and civil society organisations both at national and international level.

1. Introduction; 2. From environmental change to human displacement; 3. Protection Obligations of States under International Human Rights Law and Related Instruments; 4. Status and Protection Obligations of States under International Refugee Law; 5. Consolidating Protection for Environmental Displacement; 6. Conclusion;

Isabel M. Borges is an Adjunct Associate Professor at BI, Department of Law and Governance, the Norwegian Business School and Guest Researcher at the Faculty of Law, Department of Public and International Law, University of Oslo, Norway.