Biostatistics
A Causal Introduction

This text uniquely provides an introduction to biostatistics from the perspective of causal inference. It is broad in coverage, notably of concepts rather than theoretical details. The book includes a large number of figures and real examples to illustrate the topics. Some SAS codes are included for implementation of the methods. The text also contains exercises throughout to enable use as a primary course textbook or for self-study.

Randomized Trials: Importance of Randomization. Random Allocation. Measures of Effect and Measures of Association. Hypothesis Test. Confidence Interval. Sample Size Calculation. Observational Studies: Designs of Observational Studies. Odds Ratio. Confounders and Mediators. Adjusting for Confounding by Regression Analysis. Adjusting for Confounding by Propensity Score. Effect Modification and Interaction. Survival Analysis: Survival Curves. Hazard Ratio. Adjusting for Confounding. Complex Problems: Noncompliance of Treatment. Mediation Analysis. Survivor Average Causal Effect.