Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life (5^th Ed.)

For courses in Statistical Literacy

A qualitative approach teaches students how to reason using statistics

Understanding the core ideas behind statistics is crucial to everyday success in the modern world. Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life is designed to teach these core ideas through real-life examples so that students are able to understand the statistics needed in their college courses, reason with statistical information in their careers, and to evaluate and make everyday decisions using statistics.  The authors approach each concept qualitatively, using computation techniques only to enhance understanding and build on ideas step-by-step, working up to real examples and complex case studies. The Fifth Edition has been revised to update many exercises, examples, and case studies to engage today?s students with the latest data and relevant topics.

Also available with MyLab Statistics

MyLab? Statistics is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Within its structured environment, students practice what they learn, test their understanding, and pursue a personalized study plan that helps them absorb course material and understand difficult concepts.

NOTE: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyLab Statistics does not come packaged with this content. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and MyLab Statistics, search for:

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Preface

Supplements

How to Succeed in Your Statistics Course

Applications Index

1. Speaking of Statistics

1.1 What Is/Are Statistics?

1.2 Sampling

1.3 Types of Statistical Studies

1.4 Should You Believe a Statistical Study?

FOCUS ON PSYCHOLOGY: Are You Driving “Drunk” on Your Cell Phone?

FOCUS ON PUBLIC HEALTH: Is Your Lifestyle Healthy?

2. Measurement in Statistics

2.1 Data Types and Levels of Measurement

2.2 Dealing with Errors

2.3 Uses of Percentages in Statistics

2.4 Index Numbers

USING TECHNOLOGY: Inflation Calculator

FOCUS ON POLITICS: Who Benefited Most from Lower Tax Rates?

FOCUS ON ECONOMICS: Can a Redefined CPI Help the National Debt?

3. Visual Displays of Data

3.1 Frequency Tables

USING TECHNOLOGY: Frequency Tables

3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data

USING TECHNOLOGY: Bar Graphs

USING TECHNOLOGY: Pie Charts

USING TECHNOLOGY: Line Charts and Histograms

3.3 Graphics in the Media

USING TECHNOLOGY: Graphs with Multiple Data Sets

3.4 A Few Cautions about Graphics

FOCUS ON HISTORY: Can War Be Described with a Graph?

FOCUS ON THE ENVIRONMENT: Are We Changing Earth’s Atmosphere?

4. Describing Data

4.1 What Is Average?

USING TECHNOLOGY: Mean, Median, and Mode

4.2 Shapes of Distributions

4.3 Measures of Variation

USING TECHNOLOGY: Quartiles

USING TECHNOLOGY: Boxplots

USING TECHNOLOGY: Standard Deviation

4.4 Statistical Paradoxes

FOCUS ON THE STOCK MARKET: What’s Average about the Dow?

FOCUS ON ECONOMICS: Are the Rich Getting Richer?

5. A Normal World

5.1 What Is Normal?

5.2 Properties of the Normal Distribution

USING TECHNOLOGY: Standard Scores and Percentiles

5.3 The Central Limit Theorem

FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Can We Learn from SAT Trends?

FOCUS ON PSYCHOLOGY: Are We Smarter Than Our Parents?

6. Probability in Statistics

6.1 The Role of Probability in Statistics: Statistical Significance

6.2 Basics of Probability

6.3 The Law of Large Numbers

6.4 Ideas of Risk and Life Expectancy

6.5 Combining Probabilities (Supplementary Section)

FOCUS ON SOCIAL SCIENCE: Do Lotteries Harm the Poor?

FOCUS ON LAW: Is DNA Analysis Reliable?

7. Correlation and Causality

7.1 Seeking Correlation

USING TECHNOLOGY: Scatterplots and Correlation Coefficients

7.2 Interpreting Correlations

7.3 Best-Fit Lines and Prediction

7.4 The Search for Causality

FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Helps Children Learn to Read?

FOCUS ON THE ENVIRONMENT: What Is Causing Global Warming?

8. Inferences from Samples to Populations

8.1 Sampling Distributions

8.2 Estimating Population Means

USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

8.3 Estimating Population Proportions

USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion

FOCUS ON HISTORY: Where Did Statistics Begin?

FOCUS ON LITERATURE: How Many Words Did Shakespeare Know?

9. Hypothesis Testing

9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing

9.2 Hypothesis Tests for Population Means

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Test for a Population Mean

9.3 Hypothesis Tests for Population Proportions

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion

FOCUS ON HEALTH AND EDUCATION: Will Your Education Help You Live Longer?

FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE: Are Genetically Modified Foods Safe?

10. t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA

10.1 t Distribution for Inferences about a Mean

USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Intervals Using the t Distribution

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Tests with the t Distribution

10.2 Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables

USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables

10.3 Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA)

USING TECHNOLOGY: Analysis of Variance

FOCUS ON CRIMINOLOGY: Can You Tell a Fraud When You See One?

FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Can a Fourth-Grader Do with Statistics?

Epilogue: A Perspective on Statistics

Appendix A: z-Score Tables

Appendix B: Table of Random Numbers

Websites and Suggested Readings

Glossary

Credits

Answers

Index

About the Book

More student-friendly than ever.

• UPDATED! Dozens of new and revised examples and case studies reflect the latest data and topics of interest, tying statistical concepts to everyday life.
• UPDATED! 20 in-depth Focus topics have been revised to ensure the most updated information.
• REVISED! Exercise sets have been thoroughly reworked, featuring updated data and new problems.
• REVISED! All chapters include major revisions, especially Chapters 9 and 10, which have been reorganized to optimize student understanding of more advanced topics.

A comprehensive look at real-world applications of statistics.

• Up-to-date data, topics, and examples reflect what students encounter in the media and the world, encouraging them to become more engaged, active learners.
• Worked examples build understanding and give students the opportunity to practice with different types of questions.
• Case studies, located throughout the chapters, help students explore real issues in depth.
• Think About It questions, located throughout the book, ask students to reflect on important ideas and concepts. These serve as excellent classroom discussion-starters or as a basis for clicker questions.
• More than 1,400 exercises help students practice concepts while observing real-world examples of how statistics apply to the world around them. Exercises are divided into the following categories:
• Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking exercises are brief and test students’ understanding of topics covered in the previous section.
• Concepts and Applications exercises address more difficult concepts and allow students to practice their knowledge of statistical topics