Biological Aspects of Brain Tumors
Proceedings of the 8th Nikko Brain Tumor Conference, Karatsu (Saga) 1990

Growth activity of brain tumors, metabolism of brain tumors, brain tumors and cytokines, drug resistance of brain tumors, oncogenes and anti-oncogenes, basic studies in brain tumor biology and therapy are presented in this book.

I. Special Lectures.- An Introduction to Molecular Biology for the Neuro-Oncologist.- Genetic Alterations of Nervous System Tumors.- Activation of Proto-Oncogenes in Human Brain Tumors.- Gene Structure and Regulatory Mechanism of Gene Expression.- In Situ Hybridization Using T-T Dimerized Non-Radioactive Probes.- A Molecular Basis for Multidrug-Resistance and Reversal of the Resistance.- The Extracellular Matrix: Cues from the Microcellular Environment Which Can Inhibit or Facilitate Glioma Cell Growth.- II. Selected Papers.- Section 1. Growth Activity of Brain Tumor.- Cell Kinetics of Brain Tumors and Its Clinical Relevance.- Double-Labeling Method with BUdR and IUdR for Cell Kinetic Studies of Brain Tumors.- Heterogeneous Cell Growth in Human Brain Tumors; an Analysis of the BrdU-Labeling Index and the NOR Histogram.- Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Cultured Brain Tumor Cells.- Rapid Assessment of Malignancy in Human Brain Tumors on Squash Preparations Using Nucleolar Organizer Region Staining.- A Preliminary Report on the Use of Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) Counting for Improved Surgical Resection of Glioblastomas.- Evaluation of the Proliferation on Brain Tumor Cells and the Endothelial Cells of Tumor Vessels Using Immunohistochemical Study with Anti-BrdU Monoclonal Antibody and Factor VIII-Related Antigen.- Weibel-Palade Bodies as a Marker for Endothelial Proliferative Potential of Human Glioma Capillaries.- The Proliferative Potential After Hyperthermia and Irradiation on a Human Glioma Cell Line.- Section 2. Metabolism of Brain Tumor.- PET Measurement of Tumor Metabolism in Patients with Gliomas.- Malignancy of Glioma Estimated by PET-18 F-FDG, PET-11 C-Methionine, and SPECT-201 Thallium.- Metabolic Changes in a Glioma Model Following Chemotherapy.- Quantitative Autoradiographical Evaluation of Protein Synthesis in a Brain Tumor Model Using 14C-labeled Valine.- Irradiation Effects on Tumor Blood Flow and Tumor Vascular Permeability in a Rat Transplanted Glioma Model: A Quantitative Autoradiographic Study.- Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Experimental Brain Tumors—Determination by Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry Using the Spin Trap Method.- Studies of Active Oxygen Species in Brain Tumors.- The Relationship Between Nucleolar Organizer Regions and Hormone-Producing Activity in Pituitary Adenoma.- Section 3. Brain Tumor and Cytokines.- The Interaction Between Cytokines and Growth Factors on the Growth of Glioma Cells.- Interferon Effect on Cytotoxicity of Autologous Stimulated Lymphocytes from Patients with Malignant Glioma.- IL-2-Induced Signal Transduction in an Oligodendroglioma Line.- Acute Effects of the Human Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor (rTNF) on the Cerebral Vasculature of the Rat in Both Normal Brain and an Experimental Glioma Model.- PDGF-Related Proteins in Human Brain Tumors.- Measuring the Effect of PDGF on Fibroblasts Using Glioma Cell Lines.- Section 4. Drug Resistance of Brain Tumor.- Potentiation of 3-(4-Amino-2-Methyl-5-Pyrimidinyl) Methyl-1-(2-Chloroethyl)-Nitrosourea Cytotoxicity in Resistant Human Glioma Cell by Pretreatment with 5-(3-Methyl-1-Triazeno) Imidazole-4-Carboxamide.- Potentiation of VP-16 Cytotoxicity by Dipyridamole in Malignant Glioma Cells.- The Role of O6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase in Glioma in Resistance to Chloroethylnitrosoureas.- O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase(O6-MT) Activity as an Index of Drug Responsiveness to Antitumor Chloroethylnitrosoureas in Xenografted Brain Tumors.- Cytokinetic Resistance of Malignant Glioma Cells: Antineoplastic Agents During Maintenance Therapy.- Quantitative Analysis of Glutathione S-Transferase in Human Brain Tumors, C6 Rat Glioma Cells, and Drug Resistant C6 Cells.- Glutathione S-Transferase Placental Form in Human and Rat Gliomas and Its Possible Role in Drug Resistance.- Electrophoretical Analysis of DNA Topoisomerase I and II Expressions in Human Malignant Gliomas.- Section 5. Oncogene and Anti-Oncogene of Brain Tumor.- Allele Loss on Chromosome 10 in Human Glioblastomas.- Loss of Heterozygosity of Chromosome 10 and 17 in Human Malignant Astrocytomas.- Detection of p53 Gene Mutations in Human Brain Tumors by Single-Strand Conformation Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Products.- An Analysis of Genetic Alterations of the p53 Gene in Human Glioma.- The Expression and Structure of p53 Gene Products in Cultured Glioma Cells.- Detection of Retinoblastoma Gene Aberrations in Human Brain Tumor by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Products.- Oncogene Expression in Acoustic Neurinomas.- Enhanced Expression of the c-myc Oncogenes in Human Brain Tumors.- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the L-myc Gene and Gene Amplification in Meningiomas.- DNA Aneuploid Cells Showing Discrepancy of Expression Between c-myc Oncogene Products and GFAP in Malignant Glioma.- Oncogene Expression in High-Grade Astrocytomas: A Comparative Study of Immunogold Silver and Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Immunohistochemistry.- Chromosomes and Clinical Features in 6 Cases of Gliomas.- Section 6. Basic Studies in Brain Tumor Biology and Therapy.- The Influence of MHC Class I Expression on the Growth of a Glioblastoma Cell Line.- Association of Histocompatibility Antigen Expression with Intracerebral Tumorigenicity.- Genetic Interaction Between Proto-Oncogene and Histocompatibility Antigen Gene Expressions in Cellular Differentiation of Mouse Neuroblastoma.- Expression of Intermediate Filaments (GFAP and Vimentin) in Human Gliomas.- Opposite Effects of Cyclic AMP and Cell Density on Expression of ?B-Crystallin and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in C-6 Glioma Cells.- Demonstration of Microtubule-Associated Proteins in Human Gliomas.- Human Malignant Glioma Cells Migrate to Fibronectin and Laminin: Role of Extracellular Matrix Components in Glioma Cell Invasion.- The Effect of Matrigel on the Growth of Glioma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.- Glycolipid in Human Glioma: Detection with Specific Antibodies and Its Application for Diagnosis of Gliomas.- Immunohistochemical Study of Protein Kinase C Isozyme in Recurrent Cases of Malignant Glioma.- Effects of Phorbor Esters on Cyclic AMP Accumulation in C6 Glioma Cells.- Differentiation of a Medulloblastoma Cell Line Mediated by Protein Kinase A.- Biological Characterization of Human Medulloblastoma (ONS-76 and ONS-81) Cell Lines.- Murine Models with Leptomeningeal Dissemination of Human Medulloblastoma Cells.- Antitumor Effects of Human Monoclonal Antibodies on Human Malignant Glioma Xenografts and Their Clinical Application.- Effects of a Human Monoclonal Antibody and Cytokines on Human Malignant Glioma Cells.- Antiproliferative Effect of Trapidil on a PDGF-Producing Glioma Cell Line In Vivo.- Effects of CDDP on a Monolayer Cultured 9L Glioma Cell Line—Evaluation by a FCM Study of a Cellular DNA Histogram.- Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptors in Gliomas.- Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptors in Brain Tumors: In Vitro Binding Characteristics and Implication for New Image Analysis.- Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy for Brain Tumors—Biological Aspects.