Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine

Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine delivers the most relevant and current information required by general veterinary practitioners and veterinary specialists in treating emergent and critical exotic patients. Covering the management of common emergency presentations in exotic companion mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, each section discusses triage and stabilization, diagnostics, nutrition and fluid therapy, analgesia, anesthesia, monitoring, CPR, and euthanasia.

The book includes quick reference tables, species-specific drug formularies, and illustrations of exotic animal emergency procedures and techniques. The information contained within is based on an extensive review of the most current literature and the combined knowledge and expertise of international leaders in the field of exotic animal medicine and surgery.

A one-stop resource like no other, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine makes it easy to find the information needed to effectively treat urgent and life-threatening conditions in pet exotic animals. The book covers a wide range of species, encompassing:

• Exotic companion mammals, including ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils, hedgehogs, and sugar gliders 
• Birds, including psittacines, passerines, doves and pigeons, as well as backyard poultry and waterfowl
• Reptiles, including turtles and tortoises, snakes and lizards
• Amphibians

Equally useful for general practitioners, specialists in emergency and critical care and exotic animal medicine, veterinary students, and trainees, Exotic Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine is an essential resource for the emergent and critical care of exotic animals.

List of Contributors xi

Part 1 Exotic Companion Mammals 1

Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 3

1 History and Clinical Examination 5
Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland

2 Restraint, Handling, and Hospitalization 24
Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland

3 Oxygen Therapy 38
Sara Gardhouse

4 Catheterization and Venipuncture 51
Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker

5 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 70
Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland

6 CPR and Euthanasia 80
Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker

7 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 95
Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker

8 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 109
Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland and Nico J. Schoemaker

Section 2 Diagnostics 123

9 STAT Diagnostics in Exotic Companion Mammals 125
Sara Gardhouse

10 Diagnostic Imaging 143
João Brandão, Peter M. DiGeronimo, and Carrie Kuzma

11 Clinical Pathology 161
Carla Monteiro and João Brandão

12 Cytology 178
Carla Monteiro and João Brandão

13 Ancillary Diagnostics 190
João Brandão

Section 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 201

14 Ferrets 203
Nico J. Schoemaker and Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland

15 Rabbits 238
Julie DeCubellis and Jennifer E. Graham

16 Guinea Pigs 284
Isabelle Langlois, Marion Desmarchelier, and Claire Vergneau-Grosset

17 Chinchillas 310
Jennifer E. Graham and Christoph Mans

18 Rats and Mice 330
Kristin M. Sinclair

19 Hamsters and Gerbils 349
Andrew D. Bean

20 Hedgehogs 372
Rina Maguire, Ali Anwar bin Ahmad, and Trent Charles van Zanten

21 Sugar Gliders 408
Dan H. Johnson

Part 2 Avian 431

Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 433

22 History and Clinical Exam 435
Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans

23 Restraint and Handling 445
Grayson A. Doss and Christoph Mans

24 Oxygen Therapy 450
Hugues Beaufrère

25 Catheterization and Venipuncture 457
Rodney Schnellbacher and Hugues Beaufrère

26 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 468
Anna Martel and Christoph Mans

27 CPR and Euthanasia 477
Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère

28 Avian Pain Management and Anesthesia 488
David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman and Hugues Beaufrère

29 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 503
Hugues Beaufrère

Section 2 Diagnostics 519

30 STAT Diagnostics 521
Claudia Kabakchiev and Hugues Beaufrère

31 Diagnostic Imaging 534
Claire Vergneau-Grosset and Hugues Beaufrère

32 Clinical Pathology 563
Hugues Beaufrère and Claire Vergneau-Grosset

33 Cytology 582
Helene Pendl, Peter M. Wencel, and Hugues Beaufrère

34 Ancillary Diagnostics 601
Delphine Laniesse and Hugues Beaufrère

Section 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 617

35 Psittacines 619
Nicole R. Wyre

36 Passerines 644
David N. Phalen and Hamish Baron

37 Pigeons and Doves 653
Kenneth R. Welle

38 Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl 664
Vanessa Grunkemeyer and Samantha Swisher

Part 3 Reptile and Amphibian 695

Section 1 Triage and Stabilization 697

39 History and Clinical Exam 699
Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky

40 Restraint and Handling 710
Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky

41 Oxygen Therapy 716
Ian Kanda and João Brandão

42 Catheterization and Venipuncture 722
Ian Kanda and João Brandão

43 Wound Care and Bandaging Techniques 732
Anna Martel and Christoph Mans

44 CPR and Euthanasia 738
Grayson A. Doss and Kurt K. Sladky

45 Analgesia, Anesthesia, and Monitoring 746
Grayson A. Doss, Christoph Mans, and Kurt K. Sladky

46 Nutrition and Fluid Therapy 758
Ian Kanda and João Brandão

Section 2 Diagnostics 769

47 STAT Diagnostics 771
Peter M. DiGeronimo and Nicola Di Girolamo

48 Diagnostic Imaging 783
Constance Fazio

49 Clinical Pathology 800
Nicola Di Girolamo

50 Cytology 818
Ruth A. Houseright

51 Ancillary Diagnostics 831
Nicola Di Girolamo and Diana Binanti

Section 3 Emergency Presentations and Management by Species 847

52 Turtles and Tortoises 849
Krista A. Keller

53 Snakes 865
Sean Michael Perry

54 Lizards 886
Stacey L. Wilkinson

55 Amphibians 909
Eric Klaphake

Index 926

The editors

Jennifer E. Graham, DVM, Dipl. ABVP (Avian / Exotic Companion Mammal), Dipl. ACZM, is an Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine in the Department of Clinical Sciences at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA.

Grayson A. Doss, DVM, Dipl. ACZM, is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Zoological Medicine in the Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in Wisconsin, USA.

Hugues Beaufrère, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM, ABVP (Avian), ECZM (Avian), is Associate Professor of Zoological Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California – Davis in Davis, California, USA.