Motivation
Theory, Neurobiology and Applications

Motivation: Theory, Neurobiology and Applications is inspired by a question central to health care professionals, teachers, parents, and coaches alike, "How can an individual be motivated to perform a given activity or training?" It presents novel measurements of motivation developed in psychology and economics, recent insights into the neurobiology of motivation, and current research on applications designed to boost motivation in neurorehabilitation, education, and sports.

In addition, tactics on how to connect these different research and knowledge fields within a common (theoretical) framework of motivation is discussed. Thus, in short, the book provides an integrative, interdisciplinary, up-to-date accounting on the neurobiology of motivation and how it might be boosted.

Preface Bettina Studer and Stefan Knecht

SECTION 1 –THEORIES OF MOTIVATION 1. Commonalities and differences in psychological and economic approaches to motivation theory Tina Strombach and Sabrina Strang 2. A cost-benefit model of motivation for activity Bettina Studer 3. Control feedback as the motivational force beyond habitual behavior Baruch Eitam

SECTION 2 –ASSESSING MOTIVATION 4. Quantifying Motivation with Effort-Based Decision-Making Paradigms in Health and Disease Trevor T-J Chong and Masud Husain

SECTION 3 – THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF MOTIVATION 5. Brain correlates of the intrinsic subjective cost of effort in sedentary volunteers Javier Bernacer 6. To work or not to work: Neural representation of cost and benefit of instrumental action Nils B. Kroemer and Caroline Burrasch 7. Involvement of Opioid Signaling in Food Preference and Effort-Related Decision Making: Studies in Laboratory Animals Raul Pastor 8. Individual Differences in Personality Associated with ACC function in Task Switching Akina Umemoto 9. Competition, testosterone and adult neurobehavioral plasticity Christoph Eisenegger 10. Fatigue with up- versus down-regulated brain arousal should not be confused Ulrich Hegerl and Christine Ulke

SECTION 4 – TARGETING MOTIVATION: NOVEL APPROACHES TO ENHANCING MOTIVATION, ACTIVITY AND LEARNING IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 11. Intrinsic motivation, curiosity and learning: theory and applications in educational technologies Pierre-Yves Oudeyer 12. Incentives and Motivation in an applied context Tina Strombach and Sabrina Strang 13. Rewarding feedback promotes motor skill consolidation via striatal activity. Mario Widmer 14. How motivation and reward learning modulate selective attention Alexia Bourgeois 15. Motivation and Attention following Hemispheric Stroke Paresh Malhotra 16. Increasing self-directed training in neurorehabilitation patients through competition Bettina Studer 17. The Role of Dopamine in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Apathy Trevor T-J Chong and Masud Husain 18. Changing health behavior: From "I must" to "I want" Stefan Knecht

SECTION 5: CONCLUSIONS 19. Motivation: What have we learned and what is still missing? Bettina Studer and Stefan Knecht

This volume targets a broad and interdisciplinary audience, including researchers in affective, behavioural, and clinical neuroscience and in psychology; health care professionals in particular neurologists, physiotherapists, neuropsychologists and psychiatrists; teachers and educational psychologists; and sports coaches

• Provides an integration of the neurosciences, their clinical challenges, and applicable research
• Includes both an interdisciplinary and integrative nature
• Contains a broad array of subject matter that will be of interest to a large target audience
• Presents contributions from experts in their respective fields