Phytopharmaceuticals for Brain Health

Research studies demonstrate diet and proper nutrition in conjunction with cognitive, mental, social, and physical activities can significantly help in improving brain health with advancing age, and potentially reduce the risk of cognitive decline. These studies of phytopharmaceuticals and medicinal plants, demonstrate the efficacy of Huperzine A, berry anthocyanins, trans-resveratrol, Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monniera, Centella asiatica, tocotrienols, and palm oil in boosting brain health and physical well-being. In addition, consumption of marine fishes and general seafood is recommended for long-term nutritional intervention to preserve mental health, hinder neurodegenerative processes, and sustain cognitive capacities in humans. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3/n-6 PUFAs, flavonoids, and antioxidants prevent the initiation and progression of many neurological disorders.

This book is a comprehensive review of phytopharmaceuticals impacting brain health with emphasis on diverse applications in food and nutrition sciences, biomedicine, neurology and other scientific and medical fields. It details available methods and contains numerous references making this the perfect guide for scientists who want to explore the fascinating world of phytopharmaceuticals with relation to brain health.

Phytopharmaceuticals for Brain Health appeals to a diverse range of readers in industry, medical doctors, research and academia, including biologists, biochemists, food scientists, nutritionists and health professionals. Overall, this book brings a classic scenario of neurological problems to possible amelioration using novel nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Contents

Preface

Editors

Contributors

Section I Pathophysiology

Chapter 1 A Hidden Etiological Nemesis of Chronic Neurodegenerative Diseases

Bernard W. Downs and Manashi Bagchi

Chapter 2 Modulation of Brain Function with Special Emphasis to Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis by Xenohormones, Phytohormones, and Insulin

Sanjoy Chakraborty, Devya Gurung, Soheli A. Chowdhury, and Majeedul H. Chowdhury

Chapter 3 Environmental Pollution and Climate Change Impacts on Human Health with Particular Reference to Brain: A Review

Monowar Alam Khalid and Syed Monowar Alam Shahid

Chapter 4 Metal Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in the Brain: Role of Antioxidants

Rama Nair, Manashi Bagchi, and Sreejayan Nair

Section II Phytopharmaceuticals

Chapter 5 Effects of Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals of Plant Origin on Central and Peripheral Nervous System Pathology

Odete Mendes

Chapter 6 Huperzine A and Shankhapushpi in Brain Health

Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, and Anand Swaroop

Chapter 7 Resveratrol and Depression

Jui-Hu Shih, Chien-Fu Fred Chen, and I-Hsun Li

Chapter 8 Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Role of Curcuma longa and Centella asiatica Linn in Neurological Disorders

Shahnaz Subhan, Manashi Bagchi, and Abdul Ilah

Chapter 9 Tocotrienol Vitamin E in Brain Health

Richard Stewart and Savita Khanna

Chapter 10 Emerging Roles of Flavonoids in Brain Health

Arti Parihar and Andrea I. Doseff

Chapter 11 Nuts and Brain Health

Sui Kiat Chang and Cesarettin Alasalvar

Chapter 12 Science behind Usefulness of Bacopa monnieri for Memory and Cognition

Chandrasekaran Prasanna Raja, Bethapudi Bharathi, Chinampudur Velusami Chandrasekaran, Nithyanantham Muruganantham, Mundkinajeddu Deepak, and Agarwal Amit

Chapter 13 Food-Derived γ-Aminobutyric Acid Improves the Mental State

Hiroshi Shimoda

Chapter 14 Walnut (Juglans regia L) and Its Neuroprotective Action Mechanism on Brain: A Review

Abdul Ilah, Akhtaruzzaman, Sabia Bano, Faisal Ismail, and Shahnaz Subhan

Chapter 15 The Potential Brain Health Benefits of Royal Jelly

Noriko Hattori, Yukio Narita, Kenji Ichihara, Hiroyoshi Moriyama, and Debasis Bagchi

Chapter 16 Quorum Sensing-Disrupting Compounds Derived from Plants: Novel Phytotherapeutics to Control Bacterial Infections

Kartik Baruah, Tom Defoirdt, Parisa Norouzitallab, and Peter Bossier

Section III Molecular Mechanisms

Chapter 17 Interaction of Phytopharmaceuticals with Neurotransmitters in the Brain

Leah Mitchell-Bush, Jenaye Robinson, Odochi I. Ohia-Nwoko, Emily Kawesa-Bass, Benjamin A. Stancombe, Catherine A. Opere, Ya Fatou Njie-Mbye, and Sunny E. Ohia

Chapter 18 Modulation of Neuroprotective Genes by Bioactive Food Components in Senescence-Accelerated Mice

Shigeru Katayama and Soichiro Nakamura

Chapter 19 Phytochemicals as Antiaggregation Agents in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Eva S.B. Lobbens and Leonid Breydo

Chapter 20 Synergism among Natural Products in Nueroprotection and Prevention of Brain Cancer

Darakhshanda Neelam, S.A. Husain, Tanveera Tabasum, and M. Maqbool Lone

Chapter 21 Deconstructing the Mechanisms of Bioactives from Food Plants in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Zaina Bibi Ruhomally, Shameem Fawdar, Vidushi Shradha Neergheen-Bhujun, and Theeshan Bahorun

Chapter 22 Amyloid β Immunotherapy: An Overview

Suhail Rasool and Charles Glabe

Section IV Autism

Chapter 23 Nutrition and Dance Movement Psychotherapy as Positive and Effective Interventions for Autism in Cyprus

Index

Dr. Shahnaz Subhan, is a researcher and faculty in university settings. She received her PhD in 2002 at the University of Delhi, India. During her PhD, Dr. Subhan has mainly worked on cutting edge research on phytopharmaceuticals for neurological disorders and major skin diseases mainly vitiligo and psoriasis. Her research work was involved in the purification of beta-bungarotoxin binding protein from human cadaver skeletal muscle for neuromuscular disorders. She was also involved in in vitro production of asiatic acid and asiaticoside - highly potent pharmaceutical bioactive compounds known to cure neurological disorders and for in vitro production of psoralen, which is highly expensive and the only compound known to be very effective in the treatment of several skin diseases. Long-term goal of her research group is to provide the groundwork to streamline, accelerate, and promote the translation of basic discoveries into highly effective phytotherapies to benefit humans affected with major neurological and skinrelated problems.

She worked as an Assistant Professor with more than nine years of experience in teaching and research at Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India. She also worked as a Principal Investigator for an independent government funded projects in India and Supervisor for PhD and post graduate students of Biotechnology programs at University system in India.

Manashi Bagchi, Ph.D., FACN, received her Ph.D. degree in Chemistry in 1984. Dr. Bagchi is currently the Chief Scientific Officer of Dr. Herbs LLC, Concord, CA. Dr. Bagchi served as Associate Professor in the Creighton University School of Pharmacy & Allied Health Profession, Omaha, NE, from Sept 1990 to Aug 1999. Later, she served as the Director of Research at InterHealth Nutraceuticals, Benicia, CA, from Sept 1999 to July 2009. Dr. Bagchi is a Member of the Study Section and Peer Review Committee of the National Institutes of Health (