Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Series, Vol. 32

The Sixth International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) was held on the campus of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge in col­ laboration with the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) on August 12-16, 1985. The complementary program and the interdependence of these two dis­ ciplines foster the conference. Its manifest purpose is sharing the latest advances in low temperature materials science and technology. Equally im­ portant, areas of needed research are identified, prioriti-es for new research are set, and an increased appreciation of interdisciplinary, interlaboratory, and international cooperation ensues. The success of the conference is the result of the. able leadership and hard work of many people: S. Foner of M.I.T. coordinated ICMC efforts as its Conference Chairman. A. I. Braginski of Westinghouse R&D Center planned the program with the assistance of Cochairmen E. N. C. Dalder of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, T. P. Orlando of M.I.T., D. O. Welch of Brookhaven National Laboratory, and numerous other committee members. A. M. Dawson of M.I.T., Chairman of Local Arrangements, and G. M. Fitzgerald, Chairman of Special Events, skillfully managed the joint conference. The contributions of the CEC Board, and particularly its conference chairman, J. L. Smith, Jr. of M.I.T., to the organization of the joint conference are also gratefully acknm.ledged.

Austenitic Steel Development.- Structural Alloys for High Field Superconducting Magnets (Invited).- Requirements for Structural Alloys for Superconducting Magnet Cases (Invited).- Cryogenic Fe-Mn Austenitic Steels (Invited).- Nickel and Nitrogen Alloying Effects on the Strength and Toughness of Austenitic Stainless Steels at 4 K.- Improvement of Toughness of a High-Strength, High-Manganese Stainless Steel for Cryogenic Use.- Effect of Metallurgical Variables on Strength and Toughness of Mn-Cr and Ni-Cr Stainless Steels at 4.2 K.- Effect of Mn on the Cryogenic Properties of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steels.- An Investigation of the Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Low Thermal-Expansion Superalloys.- Austenitic Steel Welding.- Welding Advances in Cryogenics (Invited).- Cryogenic Properties of Electron-Beam Welded Joints in a 22Mn-13Cr-5Ni-0.22N Austenitic Stainless Steel.- Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of High-Manganese Steel Weldments.- Improvements in the Weldability of a Superconductor Sheath Material.- Weldability and Mechanical Properties of Age-Hardened Fe-Ni-Cr-Mn-Ti Austenitic Alloy for Cryogenic Use.- Composites and Polymers.- Cryogenic Compressive Properties of Basic Epoxy Resin Systems.- Cryogen Containment in Composite Vessels (Invited).- Influence of Damage on Mechanical Performance of Woven Laminates at Low Temperatures.- Radiation Damage of Composite Material—Method and Evaluation (Invited).- Screening the Performance of Organic Insulators under Cryogenic Neutron Irradiation.- Effect of Cryogenic Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Organic Insulator Films.- Fracture Properties of Polymers and Composites at Cryogenic Temperatures (Invited).- Mechanical Behavior and Fatigue in Polymeric Composites at Low Temperatures.- Thermo-stimulated Current and Dielectric Loss in Composite Materials.- Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Glass Hybrid Composite Materials at Low Temperature.- Mechanical Properties of Unidirectionally Reinforced Composite Materials.- Two-Dimensional Thermal Contraction of Composites.- Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Advanced Composite Materials at Low Temperatures.- Inorganic Dielectric Insulation for Superconducting Nb3Sn Wire (Invited).- Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Cryogenic Structural Materials.- Compressive Properties of Silica Aerogel at 295, 76, and 20 K.- LH2 On-Orbit Storage Tank Support Trunnion Design and Verification.- Refrigeration Materials.- Recent Investigations on Refrigerants for Magnetic Refrigerators (Invited).- High Enthalpy Materials for Use in Superconductor Stabilization and in Low Temperature Cryocooler Regenerators.- Investigations on the Possibility of the RAl2 System as a Refrigerant in an Ericsson Type Magnetic Refrigerator.- Magnetic and Thermal Properties of Dy3Al5O12 as a Magnetic Refrigerant.- Specific Heat and Entropy of RNi2 (R: Rare Earth Heavy Metals) in Magnetic Field.- Mechanical Properties.- Low Temperature Deformation of Copper and an Austenitic Stainless Steel.- Effects of Gage Diameter and Strain Rate on Tensile Deformation Behavior of 32Mn-7Cr Steel at 4 K.- Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of AISI 316 Stainless Steel.- Fatigue Testing at 4 K with a Helium Recondensation System (Invited).- A Model for Fatigue Strength Degradation Including Temperature Effect.- Fracture Toughness of Newly Developed Structural Materials for Superconducting Coils of Fusion Experimental Reactor.- Tensile, Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Properties of HP 9–4–30.- Notch Tensile Measurements and Fracture Toughness Correlations for Austenitic Stainless Steels.- Creep of 304 LN and 316 L Stainless Steels at Cryogenic Temperatures.- Magneto-Mechanical Effects in Two Steels with Metastable Austenite.- In Situ Observation of Martensitic Transformation during Tensile Deformation of an Fe-Mn-C Alloy (Invited).- Fracture Toughness of Modern 9% Nickel Cryogenic Steels.- Cryogenic Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu-Li-Zr Alloy 2090.- Physical Properties.- Strain Resistivity at 4.2 K in Pure Aluminum.- The Effect of Prestrain on Low Temperature Fatigue Induced Resistivity in Pure Aluminum.- Relationships between Mechanical and Magnetoelectric Properties of Oxygen-free Copper at 4 K.- Anomalous Decrease of Resistance at 250 K in Ultrathin Au-Nb Film on Single-Crystal Silicon.- A New Aluminum-Base Alloy with Potential Cryogenic Applications.- Production of High-Conductivity, High-Strength In-situ Cu-Nb Multifilamentary Composite Wire and Strip.- Data on a Magnetic Shield Alloy at Low Magnetic Fields from 300 Kelvin to 1.91 Kelvin, and 0.08 Hz to 10 kHz.- Nondestructive Evaluation.- The Characterization of Cryogenic Materials by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (Invited).- The Characterization of Cryogenic Materials by X-ray Absorption Methods (Invited).- Nondestructive Characterization of Cryogenic Materials for Quality and Process Control (Invited).- Materials and Devices for Superconducting Electronics.- Characterization of Tunnel Barriers by Flicker Noise Spectroscopy (Invited).- Role of Localized States in Amorphous Silicon Tunnel Barriers (Invited).- All Refractory Josephson Integration Process with NbN Junctions (Invited).- Thin Film Preparation and Device Application of Low Carrier Density Superconductor BaPb1-xBixO3 (Invited).- UHV Deposition and in-Situ Analysis of Thin-Film Superconductors (Invited).- A Multilayer Technology with High Tc Nb3Ge Films.- Josephson Tunneling Junctions with High Tc Nb3(Ge,Si) Electrode.- A 1 ?m Cross-Line Junction Process.- Selective Trilayer Ion-Beam Etching Process for Fabricating Nb/Nb Oxide/Pb-Alloy Tunnel Junctions.- A Novel Design of Submicron Thin Film Point Contacts.- Superconducting Wires for Electronic Applications.- Formation of A15 Phase in Epitaxial and Polycrystalline Nb-Sn Diffusion Couples.- A New Look at the Growth of Thin Films of Nb-Sn (Invited).- Superconducting Nitride Films.- High-Tc MoN Thin Film Synthesis (Invited).- Epitaxial Growth of NbN on MgO Film (Invited).- Epitaxial Growth of NbN Films.- Dual Ion-Beam Deposition of Superconducting NbN Films.- Superconducting and Structural Properties of RF Magnetron Sputtered Niobium Nitride for Josephson Junctions.- Dependence of the Upper Critical Field and Critical Current on Resistivity in NbN Thin Films.- High Field Properties of NbN Ribbon Conductors.- Synthesis of Bl MoN Films by Ion Beam Deposition.- Preparation of Superconductive MoNx Films by Reactive Sputtering.- Critical Field Studies of Reactively Sputtered and Nitrided NbN, VN and V(Mo)N Films.- Fine Filamentary Superconductors.- NbTi Base Superconductors: Technical Aspects and Trends (Invited).- Superconducting Materials for the SSC (Invited).- Critical Current Studies on Fine Filamentary NbTi Accelerator Wires.- The Growth of Intermetallic Compounds at a Copper-Niobium-Titanium Interface.- Development of Multifilamentary NbTi and Nb3Sn Composite Conductors with Very Fine Filaments.- Fabrication and Characterization of Fine Filaments of NbTi in a Copper Matrix.- Fine Filamentary NbTi Superconducting Wires.- NbTi Ultrafine Filament Wires for 50/60 Hertz Use (Invited).- Superconductors — Ac Losses; Mechanical, Electromagnetic, and Physical Properties.- Coupling Losses in Superconducting Cables.- A.C. Losses in Multifilamentary Composite Superconducting Strands and Cables.- AC Losses in Nb-Ti Measured by Magnetization and Complex Susceptibility.- The Exact Solution of the Electromagnetic Field Configuration in Multifilamentary Wire in a Time-Dependent Field.- AC Losses for in Situ Superconducting Microcomposites.- Magnetic Behavior of a Very Fine Filament Continuous Superconductor.- Magnetization and Critical Currents of NbTi Wires with Fine Filaments.- Strain Effects in “in Situ” Processed Nb3Sn Conductors.- Fatigue Damage in Nb3Sn Conductors.- The Effect of Aspect Ratio on Critical Current in Multifilamentary Superconductors.- Performance of Nb3Sn-Cu In Situ Conductor in a Superconducting Magnet.- Heat Capacity of Superconducting Materials (Invited).- Radiation Damage and Flux Pinning in Superconductors.- Irradiation Damage in Superconductors (Invited).- Neutron Irradiation of Superconductors and Damage Energy Scaling of Different Neutron Spectra.- Disordering Mechanism in Irradiated and Quenched A15 Type Compounds.- The Relationship between Critical Current and Microstructure of Internal Tin Wire.- Critical Currents and Flux-Pinning Properties in PbMo6S8 Superconductors.- Flux Flow Dynamics in Superconducting Films.- The Pinning Force and Critical Current in NbTi Superconducting Wire with Plate-like ?-Ti Precipitates.- Multifilamentary Nb3Sn Superconductors.- The Development of Microstructure in Multifilamentary Bronze Route A15 Composites (Invited).- Characterization of Bulk and Multifilamentary Nb3Sn and Nb3Al by Diffractometric and Resistive Measurements (Invited).- Development of A15 Conductors in the USSR (Invited).- Multifilamentary (Nb, Ti)3Sn Conductors for 15-T-Class Magnet Application.- Observation of the Microstructure in Bronze-Processed Multifilamentary Nb3Sn Tapes.- Effect of Starting Materials and Processing Variables for the Production of Discontinuous-Filament Nb3Sn Wire.- Characterization Studies of a Fully Reacted High Bronze-to-Niobium Ratio Filamentary Nb3Sn Composite.- Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing on the Superconducting Properties of (Nb, Ti)3Sn Multifilamentary Wires.- The Diffusion Process in Nb3Sn-Cu Superconducting Wire Made by the External Tin Method (Invited).- The Structure and Superconducting Properties of Multifilamentary Nb3Sn Wires Prepared by Internal Sn Diffusion Process Using Sn-Ti Cores.- Internal Tin Process Nb3Sn Superconductors for 18 Tesla.- Internal-Tin-Processed Nb3Sn Multifilamentary Wires Alloyed with Mg, Zn+Ni, and Ti through the Sn Core.- New Superconducting Materials and Methods.- New Methods for Obtaining Metastable Metallic Alloys (Invited).- Practical Processing of A-15 Multifilamentary Superconducting Wire from Powders: Nb3Al and Nb3Sn (Invited).- The Formation of the Metastable Phase Nb3Al by a Solid State Reaction (Invited).- Processing of Nb3Al and Other Emerging Superconductors (Invited).- The Effects of High Reaction Temperatures on the Tc of Multifilamentary Nb-Al Wires.- A Flexible A-15 Superconducting Tape in the Nb3(Al Si B)1 System.- Superconducting Materials Research and Developement in China (Invited).- The Stabilization of High Tc A15 Nb3Ge Phase in Sputtered Nb-Ge Films by (T)Nb5Ge3.- Superconducting Properties of Chevrel-Phase PbMo6S8 Wires by an Improved Powder Process.- Critical Field Measurements on Very Thin Films of V-Ga Superconductors.- Electron Tunneling into Superconducting Filaments: Depth Profiling the Energy Gap of NbTi Filaments from Magnet Wires.- Indexes.- Author Index.- Materials Index.