Atrocity Speech Law Foundation, Fragmentation, Fruition

The law governing the relationship between speech and core international crimes -- a key component in atrocity prevention -- is broken. Incitement to genocide has not been adequately defined. The law on hate speech as persecution is split between the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Instigation is confused with incitement and ordering's scope is too circumscribed. At the same time, each of these modalities does not function properly in relation to the others, yielding a misshapen body of law riddled with gaps. Existing scholarship has suggested discrete fixes to individual parts, but no work has stepped back and considered holistic solutions. This book does. To understand how the law became so fragmented, it returns to its roots to explain how it was formulated. From there, it proposes a set of nostrums to deal with the individual deficiencies. Its analysis then culminates in a more comprehensive proposal: a Unified Liability Theory, which would systematically link the core crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes with the four illicit speech modalities. The latter would be placed in one statutory provision criminalizing the following types of speech: (1) incitement (speech seeking but not resulting in atrocity); (2) speech abetting (non-catalytic speech synchronous with atrocity commission); (3) instigation (speech seeking and resulting in atrocity); and (4) ordering (instigation/incitement within a superior-subordinate relationship). Apart from its fragmentation, this body of law lacks a proper name as Incitement Law or International Hate Speech Law, labels often used, fail to capture its breadth or relationship to mass violence. So this book proposes a new and fitting appellation: atrocity speech law.

Professor Gregory S. Gordon is Associate Dean for Development/External Affairs, and Director of the Research Postgraduates Program at The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law. A prolific expert on international criminal law, he has published in the Virginia Journal of International Law, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Ohio State Law Journal, and Oregon Law Review, among others. Before academia, he served as a prosecutor with both the U.S. Department of Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. For the latter, the Attorney General awarded him a commendation for Service to the United States and International Justice. He has appeared as an expert on CNN, the BBC, and NPR, and has lectured at the UN, the International Criminal Court, and the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. He serves as a hate speech project consultant for the International Nuremberg Principles Academy.