Diagnostic Ultrasound and Animal Reproduction, 1989
Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine Series, Vol. 51

The use of ultrasonic imaging techniques for diagnostic purposes in veteri­ nary medicine and animal science has lagged far behind their use in human medicine. In the area of domestic animal reproduction, diagnostic ultrasono­ graphy has a relatively short history. Reports on B-mode scanning first appeared as late as 1969, when Stouffer and co-workers used it for counting foetal numbers in late gestation sheep. After Lindahl had re-evaluated the potential of two-dimensional ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep in 1976, results of the first large scale field-trials by Fowler and Wilkins on predicting foetal numbers during the first half of gestation in sheep were published as recently as 1980. In this year also the first paper, by Palmer and co-workers, on ultrasonic scanning of the uterus and ovaries in the mare appeared. The improvement of diagnostics which was achieved by the application of this technique is illustrated by its present routine use in clinical equine practice and sheep breeding. Besides offe­ ring an accurate early pregnancy diagnosis in species such as the horse, cow, sheep, goat, pig and dog, ultrasonography enables the visualization of ovarian and uterine structures for the identification of both physiological and pathological conditions. In this way it replaces or supplements the more common diagnostic techniques used by the general practitioner so far. Ultrasonography has also opened several new lines of research for clini­ cians and research workers.

Technical principles of ultrasound.- The use of ultrasonography in the reproductive management of mares in the field.- Ultrasonic characteristics of pathological conditions of the equine uterus and ovaries.- Ultrasononic characteristics of physiological structures on bovine ovaries.- Ultrasonic characteristics of pathological conditions of the bovine uterus and ovaries.- Early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle by means of transrectal real-time ultrasound scanning of the uterus.- The application of real-time ultrasonic scanning in commercial sheep, goats and cattle production enterprises.- The diagnosis of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy, and the determination of foetal numbers of goats by means of real-time ultrasound scanning.- The use of linear-array real-time ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in pigs.- Accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis in dogs by means of linear-array ultrasound scanning.- Diagnostic ultrasound in other areas of veterinary medicine.- Diagnostic ultrasound and human reproduction.- Index of subjects.