Environmental and Animal Rights Extremism, Terrorism, and National Security

As concerns about human treatment of the environment and animals have increased over the years, so have decentralized and extremist groups related to these causes. Environmental and Animal Rights Extremism, Terrorism, and National Security analyzes the international development of radical movements relating to environmental concerns and animal rights in the context of the threats they pose to national security. In addition to tracing the factors responsible for the rapid growth of these movements over the last 25 years, this text presents countermeasures that governments can deploy to neutralize the risk posed by these threats now and in the future. Bringing to bear new developments such as cyber activity and online activism, Environmental and Animal Rights Extremism, Terrorism, and National Security offers an examination of the direct and indirect violence, lone-wolf terrorism, and leaderless resistance that have characterized these radical wings from their inception.By not only identifying the tactics and organizational structures often employed by these groups, but also addressing future trends toward increased radicalization, Environmental and Animal Rights Extremism, Terrorism, and National Security is an important resource for identifying, anticipating, and mitigating threats posed by such movements.

Part One: Introductory Remarks1: Introduction 2: Extremism. Theoretical ApproachPart Two: Animal Rights Extremism3: From the Compassion Principle to the Conception of Rights. Ideological Development of the Radical Wing of the Animal Rights Movement 4: Animal Rights Movement – The Origins, Development, Radicalization 5: Violence in Defense of Animal RightsPart Three: Environmental Extremism6: Radical Ecology – Ideological Development of the Radical Wing of the Environmental Movement 7: Environmental Movement – The Origins, Development, Radicalization 8: Violence in Defense of EnvironmentPart Four: Strategy and Organization9: Leaderless Resistance and Internet Wars in the Activities of the Ecological MovementExtremist Wings 10: “Lone Wolves” Strategy. The Case of Vorkert van der Graaf and Theodore KaczynskiPart Five: Developmental Perspectives11: New Terrorism – Determinants, Working Methods, Directions of Development 12: The Future of Ecological Extremism

Elzbieta Posluszna is an Assistant Professor of Social Sciences at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. She

received her PhD from the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 2014

she obtained the habilitation degree at the Faculty of Command and Naval Operations of the Polish Naval

Academy in Gdynia. Her academic publications involve issues related to terrorism, extremism, and radicalism.