Gas Phase Chromatography, 1960 Volume II: Capillary Chromatography

THE remarkable capabilities of capillary gas partition chromatography (or, in short, capillary chromatography) are beyond all doubt. In spite of this, difficulties are continually arising in the experimental realization of this interesting development of gas chromatography, and this hinders the rapid acceptance of these methods. For this reason, in the present work I have dealt with experimental and practical problems rather than with theoretical aspects, hoping that this may serve to remove many of the problems con­ cerned. The present publication is based on experimental work carried out in productive collaboration with my teachers and colleagues, to whom I owe a great deal. I should like to thank the following for their valuable assistance and stimulating suggestions: Professor E. Cremer, Dr. H. Kienitz and his colleagues, Professor A. I. M. Keulemans, Dr. I. Halasz, and in particular Mr. D. H. Desty and Dr. R. P. W. Scott. I should also like to thank the management of the Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik AG, Ludwigshafen, for their generous support and for per­ mission to publish this book. The outstanding co-operation of the Verlag Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim, was for me a particular pleasure.

1. Theory of Capillary Chromatography.- The separation process in the capillary—The retention time as a characteristic value—Column performance of the capillary—The van Deemter-Golay equation—Optimum linear gas velocity and minimum HETP—Load capacity of the capillary—Summary of the factors which influence good column performance—Film thickness dF—Type and velocity of carrier gas.- Analytical task, time of analysis, and column performance required.- 2. Methods and Apparatus.- The carrier gas.- Gas flow rate measurement and flowmeters.- The capillary.- Flow of gas in a capillary.- Coating the capillary.- The sample injector.- The splitter.- The detector.- Amplifiers.- Constructional details of the MFID.- ?-ray ionization detectors.- 3. Applications.- Qualitative analysis.- Quantitative analysis.