Handbook of Fluoropolymer Science and Technology

A comprehensive handbook on fluoropolymer synthesis, characterization, and processing

Fluoropolymers, one of the more durable classes of polymer materials, are known to enable novel technologies as a result of their remarkable properties. As key components in industry applications, fluoropolymers have established commercial interest and scientists have discovered more efficient approaches of handling them. This book reviews up-to-date fluoropolymer platforms as well as recently discovered methods for the preparation of fluorinated materials. It focuses on synthesis, characterization, and processing aspects, providing guidelines for practicing scientists and engineers. In addition, the book covers:

• Concepts and studies from leading international laboratories, including academia, government, and industrial institutions
• Emerging technologies and applications in energy, optics, space exploration, fuel cells, microelectronics, gas separation membranes, biomedical instrumentation, and more
• Current environmental concerns associated with fluoropolymers, relevant regulations, and growth opportunities

Overall, the chapters provide coverage of chemical methods and help the reader further understand how fluoropolymer research provides solutions for material challenges. The concepts in this book also inspire professionals to identify new markets and funding sources for fluoropolymer research and development.

Foreword ix
Patrick E. Cassidy

In Memoriam xi

Preface xiii

Contributors xv

About the Editors xxi

1 Fluorinated Polyphosphazenes 1
Harry R. Allcock

2 Mn2 (CO)10-Visible Light Photomediated, Controlled Radical Polymerization of Main Chain Fluorinated Monomers and Synthesis of Block Copolymers Thereof 21
Alexandru D. Asandei, Olumide I. Adebolu, and Christopher P. Simpson

3 Interfacial Response of Semifluorinated Multi-block Copolymers 43
Anupriya Agrawal, Dipak Aryal, Dvora Perahia, and Gary S. Grest

4 Fluoropolymer Nanocomposites 57
Hideo Sawada

5 Thermal Degradation and Pyrolysis of Polytetrafluoroethylene 81
Gerard Puts, Philip Crouse, and Bruno Ameduri

6 Molecular Simulation of Fluoropolymers 105
Armand Soldera, Francois Porzio, and Nasim Anousheh

7 Vapor Deposition of Fluoropolymer Surfaces 131
Jose Yague and Karen K. Gleason

8 Functionalized and Functionalizable Fluoropolymer Membranes 149
Tao Cai, Koon-Gee Neoh, and En-Tang Kang

9 Poly[Methyl(3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl)Siloxane] 183
Michael J. Owen

10 Functional Fluorous Copolyoxetane Polymer Surface Modifiers 201
Kenneth J. Wynne, Pinar Kurt, Umit Makal, Tomoko Fujiwara, Kennard Brunson, Asima Chakravorty, Lynn Wood, and Dennis E. Ohman

11 Self-Organizing Semifluorinated Methacrylate Copolymers 235
Doris Pospiech and Dieter Jehnichen

12 Synthesis of Fluoropolymers Using Borane-Mediated Control Radical Polymerization for Energy Storage Applications 291
T.C. Mike Chung

13 Fluoropolymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Phase Behavior, Self-Assembly, and Stabilization of Water/CO2 Emulsions 315
Etienne Girard, Jean-Daniel Marty, and Mathias Destarac

14 Semifluorinated Polymers from Trifluorovinyl Aromatic Ether Monomers 343
Jianyong Jin, Scott T. Iacono, and Dennis W. Smith Jr.

15 Combustion Characterization of Energetic Fluoropolymer Composites 363
Oliver Mulamba and Michelle Pantoya

16 Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 377
Yoshiyuki Okamoto, Frantisek Mikes, Kotaro Koike, and Yasuhiro Koike

17 Fluoropolymers for Sustainable Energy 393
Vincenzo Arcella, Luca Merlo, Riccardo Pieri, Paolo Toniolo, Francesco Triulzi, and Marco Apostolo

18 Evolution of Academic Barricades for the Use of Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) in the Preparation of Fluoropolymers 413
Daniel A. Hercules, Darryl D. DesMarteau, Richard E. Fernandez, James L. Clark Jr., and Joseph S. Thrasher

19 Fluoropolymer Surfaces/Interfaces 433
Yuji Higaki, Ryohei Ishige, and Atsushi Takahara

20 Fluoropolymer Dielectrics 451
Mustapha Raihane and Bruno Ameduri

21 Fluoropolymers—Environmental Aspects 495
Klaus Hintzer and Werner Schwertfeger

22 Fluorinated Ionomers and Ionomer Membranes Containing the bis[(perfluoroalkyl) sulfonyl]imide Protogenic Group 521
Iqbal Sharif, Stephen Creager, and Darryl D. DesMarteau

23 Fluorinated Silsesquioxanes 545
Sean Ramirez and Joseph Mabry

24 Multidimensional NMR of Fluoropolymers 565
Xiaohong Li, Jessi Baughman, Chun Gao, Linlin Li, Peter L. Rinaldi, Eric B. Twum, Elizabeth F. McCord, and Faith J. Wyzgoski

25 Melt Processible Perfluoroplastics for Demanding Applications 599
Paul Brothers, Gregory Chapman, Kimberly Farnsworth, and Richard Morgan

Index 623

DENNIS W. SMITH JR. is a Professor of Chemistry at The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas. Previously, he was at The Dow Chemical Company Central Research Laboratory and worked in synthesis and characterization. His research interests include synthesis, mechanism, structure/property relationships, and applications of polymer materials and composites.

SCOTT T. IACONO is an Associate Professor of Chemistry and concurrently serves as the Chemistry Research Center Director at US Air Force Academy. His research focuses on organofluorine methodologies for monomer development for fluorosiloxane polymers, metalized fluoropolymer composites, and fulvene-based conjugated polymers for light emissive applications.

SURESH S. IYER is a Technical Manager at the 3M Safety & Graphics business lab, 3M India Ltd. His research interests include high performance polymers, functional coatings and low surface energy materials.