Market Morality and Company Size, 1991 Coll. Issues in Business Ethics, Vol. 2

Henk van Luijk A continuing debate Business life and ethics have always had an uneasy relationship. Together they feel uncomfortable, separated from each other they feel truncated. But, in more ways than one they need each other. For, to paraphrase a famous expression of the philosopher Kant: business without an ethical orientation is blind, and ethics without business experience is void. There are two different reasons for this uneasy relationship, a moral and an economic one. Business activities are essentially motivated by the striving for profit, whereas ethical considerations are marked by an equal attention given to the interests of all relevant others. This is the moral reason. The economic reason is implied in the conviction that the market constitutes a morally neutral zone, or, to put it positively, that market participants take care not only of themselves but also of the general welfare by behaving in accordance with market rules and regulations. Both reaso~s playa role in discussions on the rela­ tion between business and ethics. For several decades, and more specifically since the beginning of the eighties, we have witnessed a continuing debate concerning the social responsibility of business, the content and extension of that responsibility and its moral and ideological basis. Positions are defended by business representatives and academics alike, under similar such headings as ' social responsibility of business' or 'corporate responsibility', 'business ethics', 'corporate ethics' or 'market morality'. Two, perhaps three, clusters of questions present themselves as particularly urgent.

1 Introduction.- I: Business Ethics in the Community.- 2 Business Ethics as a Business Challenge.- 3 Ethics and Business: Current Thinking and Developments.- 4 Business, Ethics and the Community.- 5 Sponsorship and Charity: the Ethical Arguments.- II: Market Morality and Market Failure.- 6 Morality and Markets. The Implications for Business.- 7 Business Ethics and Market Failure.- III: Business Ethics and Company Size.- 8 The Ethics and Social Responsibility of United States Small Business: the “Overlooked” Research Agenda.- 9 Firm Size and Employees’ Attitudes About Ethics: Some Preliminary Empirical Evidence.- 10 Corporate Ethics Programs: the Impact of Firm Size.- 11 Ethics and the Evolution of Corporate Ownership.- 12 “IDOM”: a Case of Capital-Labour Association in Professional Services Firms.- 13 Ethical Structures and Processes for Large Organisations. Review, Prospect and Proposals.- 14 Company Size as a Dimension of Ethical Investment.- IV: Relations between Small and Large Companies.- 15 From Competition to Co-operation between Large and Small Companies: a Common Social Responsibility.- 16 The Relationships between Large Companies and their Medium-Sized and Small Suppliers.- 17 Big Company-Small Company Relations: the Policy and Practice of the Boots Company PLC.- Note on the contributors.