Mechanisms and Models in Toxicology, 1987
Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology Meeting Held in Harrogate, May 27-29, 1986
Archives of Toxicology Series, Vol. 11

This supplement presents the papers submitted at the 27th meeting of the European Society of Toxicology, which was organised by the British Toxicology Society and held in Harrogate, England. As evident from the title of this book, the overall theme of the meeting was an exploration of some of the mechanisms of toxicity, as well as some models used in the investigation of toxic action. The topics dealt with can be grouped under four headings. The first of these, on the mechanisms involved in cell injury, was a joint symposium of the European Society of Toxicology and the Society of Toxicology of the United States of America. In the second group, mechanisms in carcinogen risk assessment were discussed. Mechanisms and models of teratogenesis was the subject of the third group of invited papers. Finally, a workshop on safety evaluation of biotechnological products dealt with present and future problems which this new area of technology poses for toxicologists. Short communications on recent studies and developments in toxicological techniques which were presented at the meeting are also included in this volume.

Mechanisms of Cell Injury.- Apoptosis: Cell Death Under Homeostatic Control.- On the Role of Calcium in Chemical Toxicity.- A Dynamic Liver Culture System: A Tool for Studying Chemical Biotransformation and Toxicity.- Some Aspects of Cell Defense Mechanisms of Glutathione and Vitamin E During Cell Injury.- Structure Activity Requirements for Induction of Peroxisomal Enzyme Activities in Primary Rat Hepatocyte Cultures.- Oxidative and Reductive Biotransformation of Chloroform in Mouse Liver Microsomes.- Effects on Subchronic Low-Protein Diet on Some Tissue Glutathione-Related Enzyme Activities in the Rat.- Mechanisms in Cancer Risk Assessment.- Interorgan Shift of Nitrosamine Metabolism by Dietary Ethanol.- Quantitative Evaluation of DNA-Binding in Vivo for Low-Dose Extrapolations.- Persistent Organ Damage and Cancer Production in Rats and Mice.- Sensitivity of DNA and Nucleotides to Oxidation by Permanganate and Hydrogen Peroxide.- A Post-Labelling Assay for N7-(2-Oxoethyl) Guanine, the Principal Vinyl Chloride-DNA Adduct.- Comparison of Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts Formed in Mouse and Human Skin Following Treatment with Benzo [A] Pyrene.- Combined Radiolabelling Distribution and Covalent DNA-Binding Studies to Discriminate Between a Carcinogen/Noncarcinogen Pair of Monoazo Dyes Related to the Hepatocarcinogen Butter Yellow (DAB).- Mechanisms and Models of Teratogenesis.- Teratogenicity Testing In Vitro: Status of Validation Studies.- The Primate as a Model for Hazard Assessment of Teratogens in Humans.- A Clinician’s View of Teratogenesis.- Teratogenicity of Valproic Acid and Related Substances in the Mouse: Drug Accumulation and pHj in the Embryo During Organogenesis and Structure-Activity Considerations.- Embryotoxic Action of j5-Aminopropionitrile During Early Organogenesis in Rats.- Valproic Acid Teratogenesis and Embryonic Lipid Metabolism.- Prenatal Exposure to Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) Acetate: Effects on Ultrasonic Vocalization and Locomotor Activity in Rat Offspring.- The Comparative Effects of Cytotoxic Agents on the Numbers of Oocytes in Mice.- Development of a Method for Assessing the Acute Toxicity of Chemicals on Early Post Implantation Embryos.- The “Giant” Yolk Sac: A Model for Studying Transport Across Extra-embryonic Membranes.- The Effect of Ethanol on the Growth of Rat Embryos: The Role of Stage Dependency and Hyperosmolality.- Modification of Teratogenic Action In Vitro Due to Reduced Culture Medium Serum Content.- In Vitro Teratogenicity of Parbendazole.- Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products.- Predictive Tests for Occupational Allergies.- Toxicological Evaluation of Biotechnology Products: A Regulatory Viewpoint.- Myco-Protein - Safety Evaluation of a Novel Food.- The Toxicology of the End Products from Biotechnology Processes.- Comparison of Three Assays of Picogram Amounts of Residual Cellular DNA in Biologicals Produced on Continuous Cell Lines.- Recent Studies and Technique Developments in Toxicology.- The Influence of some Dithiocarbomates on Oxidative Drug Metabolism: Interaction with Cadmium.- Mechanism of Damage to Liver Cells after Chronic Exposure to Low Doses of Cadmium Chloride.- Sex-Related Interactions of Cadmium and Lead in Changing Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Tissue Metal Levels of Chronically Exposed Rats.- Cytotoxic, Irritant and Fibrogenic Effects of Metal-Fume Particulate Materials Investigated by Intramuscular Injection in the Rat and Guinea-Pig.- Intrapulmonary Pretreatment by Metal-Fume Components Causing Inhibition of Delayed Hypersensitivity.- The Effect of Lead and Aluminium on Rat Dihydropteridine Reductase.- Intestinal Absorption of Aluminium in Rats: Effect of Sodium.- Neurotoxicity of a Spent Phosphoric Acid Catalyst.- The Effect of Solvents on the Toxicity of DDT to Fish Cells.- The Effect of the Cholinergic Neurotoxin ECMA on Neural Function in Brain Reaggregate Cultures.- Interactions of Thyroid Hormone and Tricyclic Antidepressants on Rat Brain /?-Adrenoceptor Function.- Thyroid Toxicity and Iodothyronine Deiodination.- Increased Thyroxine Clearance in Rats Treated with High Doses of a Histamine H2-Antagonist SKF 93479.- Enzymic Deglycosylation of Ricin Lowers its Uptake by Rat Liver Non-Parenchymal Cells.- Mutagen Activation by Hepatic Fractions from Conventional Germfree and Monoassociated Rats.- Effects of Metronidazole, Azanidazole and Azathioprine on Cytochrome P450 and Various Mono-oxygenase Activities in Hepatic Microsomes from Control and Induced Mice.- An Animal Model of Cisplatin-Induced Magnesium Deficiency.- Quantitative Methods for Assessing the Effects of Some Anti-cancer Drugs on Mouse Spermatogenesis.- Comparative Effects of Mitozolamide (M & B 39125, NSC 353451) and a series of Standard Anticancer Drugs on Mouse Testis.- 1,3-Dinitrobenzene: Toxicity and Metabolism in Rat Testicular Cell Cultures.- Collagen Synthesis in Rats with Silica-Induced Pumonary Fibrosis.- The Pulmonary Toxicity of Naphthalene Derivatives in the Rat.- Toxicology Information for the Canadian Workforce.- Predicting the Safety of Medicines from Animal Toxicity Tests I. Rodent Alone.- Predicting the Safety of Medicines from Animal Toxicity Tests II. Rodent and Non-Rodent.- Comparative Activation of Paracetamol in Rat, Mouse and Man.- Nisoldipine, a new Calcium Antagonist, Elevates Plasma Levels of Digoxin.- Influence of Inhibitors on the Thrombogenicity and Toxicity of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates.- Lipid Parameters of a Non-Human Primate Following Administration of High Fat Diet.- Immunological Studies in Asthmatics Exposed to Allergens.- The In Vitro Effects of Trichothecenes on the Immune System.- Macrophage Migration Inhibition Test to Evaluate the Sensitizing Potential of Drugs in the Guinea-Pig.- A Evaluation of the Toxichromotest, a Bacterial Toxicity Bioassay, and an Assessment of its Potential Use in Human Poisoning.- Cell Membrane Toxicity Detected with the Chromium-51 Release Test.- An Inert Mixture for Solubilizing Lipophilic Drugs in Cell Culture Assays.- Han/Wistar Rats Are Exceptionally Resistant to TCDD. II.- Abstracts.- Depletion of Hepatic Glutathione in The Guinea-Pig after Administration of (±)-Buthionine Sulphoxime.- The Acute Effect of Buthione Sulphoxime on the Glutathione Content of Mouse Liver.- How Much Can Arsenate Compete with Phosphate in Living Cells?.- Effect of Exposure Time on the In Vitro Teratogenicity of Retinoic Acid.- The Effect of Organic Solvents on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Adenosine Triphosphatase Activities In Vitro.- The Perchlorate Discharge Test for Examining Thyroid Function in Rats.- Pathological Changes in the Liver BALB/c Mice Induced by N-Methylformamide.- The Effect of 1,3-Dinitrobenzene and Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate on Lactate and Pyruvate Production by Rat Sertoli Cell Cultures.- Toxicity of the Potential Antineoplastic Agent Ambazone.- Reproduction Study of Rifaximin (L/105) In Rats.- An Aid to the Maintenance of Disease-Free Animals.- Author Index.