Mineral Scale Formation and Inhibition, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995

This book documents the proceedings of the symposium, "Mineral Scale Formation and Inhibition," held at the American Chemical Society Annual Meeting August 21 to 26, 1994, in Washington, D. C. The symposium, sponsored by the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, was held in honor of Professor George H. Nancollas for his pioneering work in the field of crystal growth from solution. A total of 30 papers were presented by a wide spectrum of scientists. This book also includes papers that were not presented but were in the symposium program. The separation of a solid by crystallization is one of the oldest and perhaps the most frequently used operations in chemistry. Because of its widespread applicability, in recent years there has been considerable interest exhibited by academic and industrial scientists in understanding the mechanisms of crystallization of sparingly soluble salts. The salt systems of great interest in industrial water treatment area (i. e. , cooling and boiler) include carbon­ ates, sulfates, phosphates, and phosphonates of alkaline earth metals. Although not as common as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, barium and strontium sulfates have long plagued oil field and gas production operations. The build-up of these sparingly soluble salts on equipment surfaces results in lower heat transfer efficiency, increased corrosion rates, increased pumping costs, etc. In the laundry application, insoluble calcium carbonate tends to accumulate on washed fabrics and washing equipment parts, resulting in undesirable fabric-encrustation or scaling.

1. Constant Composition Kinetics Studies of the Simultaneous Crystal Growth of Some Alkaline Earth Carbonates and Phosphates.- 2. Calcite Growth Inhibition by Ferrous and Ferric Ions.- 3. Carbonate Precipitation in Pyramid Lake, Nevada: Probable Control by Magnesium Ion.- 4. The Use of Modern Methods in the Development of Calcium Carbonate Inhibitors for Cooling Water Systems.- 5. Scale Control by Using a New Non-Phosphorus, Environmentally Friendly Scale Inhibitor.- 6. Polymer Mediated Crystal Habit Modification.- 7. The Dissolution of Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Magnesium and Inorganic Orthophosphate.- 8. Phosphocitrate: Potential to Influence Deposition of Scaling Salts and Corrosion.- 9. Adsorption Behaviour of Polyelectrolytes in Relation to the Crystal Growth Kinetics of Barium Sulfate.- 10. Development of New Phosphonic Acid Based Scale Inhibitors and Evaluation of Their Performance in RO Applications.- 11. The Influence of Some Phosphonic Acids on the Crystal Growth of Calcium Fluoride.- 12. The Effect of Mineral Deposits on Stainless Steel.- 13. The Use of Chelants and Dispersants for Prevention and Removal of Rust Scale.- 14. Formation of Hydroxyapatite in the Presence of Phosphorylated and Sulfated Polymer in an Aqueous Phase.- 15. Crystal Growth Inhibition of Hydroxyapatite by Polycarboxylates: Role of Calcium and Polymer Molecular Weight.- 16. Mechanisms of Regulation of Crystal Growth in Selected Biological Systems.- 17. Evaluation of Phosphono-, Hydroxyphosphono-, ?- Hydroxy Carboxylic and Polycarboxylic Acids as Calcium Phosphate Dihydrate Crystal Growth Inhibitors.- 18. Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Crystal Growth in the pH Region of 4.5 to 6.2.- 19. Metastable Equilibrium Solubility Distribution and Dissolution Kinetics of Carbonate ApatitePowders.- 20. The Calcite Hydroxyapatite System Crystal Growth Studies in Aqueous Solutions.- 21. Association between Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Oxalate Crystals in the Development of Urinary Stones.- 22. Composition and Solubility Product of a Synthetic Calcium Hydroxyapatite: Chemical and Thermal Determination of Ca/P Ratio and Statistical Analysis of Chemical and Solubility Data.- 23. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Synthetic and Biological Apatites: A Review.- 24. Determination of Solubility and Calcium Ion Stability Constants of a Phosphonoalkylphosphinate (PAP) and Bisphosphonates (BPs) Such as EHDP, Risedronate, Alendronate, 3-pic AMBP, and 3-pic AMPMP.- 25. Solution and Precipitation Chemistry of Phosphonate Scale Inhibitors.- 26. The Practical Application of Ion Association Model Saturation Level Indices to Commercial Water Treatment Problem Solving.- 27. Calcium Oxalate Nucleation and Growth on Oxide Surfaces.