Power System Monitoring and Control IEEE Press Series

An invaluable resource for addressing the myriad critical technical engineering considerations in modern electric power system design and operation

Power System Monitoring and Control (PSMC) is becoming increasingly significant in the design, planning, and operation of modern electric power systems. In response to the existing challenge of integrating advanced metering, computation, communication, and control into appropriate levels of PSMC, Power System Monitoring and Control presents a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and key technologies for the monitoring, protection, and control of contemporary wide-area power systems. A variety of topical issues are addressed, including renewable energy sources, smart grids, wide area stabilizing, coordinated voltage regulation and angle oscillation damping?as well as the advantages of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and global positioning system (GPS) time signal. Analysis and synthesis examples, along with case studies, add depth and clarity to all topics.

• Provides an up-to-date and comprehensive reference for researchers and engineers working on wide-area PSMC
• Links fundamental concepts of PSMC, advanced metering and control theory/techniques, and practical engineering considerations
• Covers PSMC problem understanding, design, practical aspects, and topics such as smart grid and coordinated angle oscillation damping and voltage regulation
• Incorporates the authors? experiences teaching and researching in international locales including Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Australia

Power System Monitoring and Control is ideally suited for a graduate course on this topic. It is also a practical reference for researchers and professional engineers working in power system monitoring, dynamic stability and control.

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

1 An Introduction On Power System Monitoring 1

1.1 Synchronized Phasor Measurement 2

1.2 Power System Monitoring and Control with Wide-Area Measurements 2

1.3 ICT Architecture Used in Wide-Area Power System Monitoring and Control 4

1.4 Summary 5

References 5

2 Oscillation Dynamics Analysis Based On Phasor Measurements 7

2.1 Oscillation Characteristics in Power Systems 8

2.1.1 Eigenvalue Analysis and Participation Factor 8

2.1.2 Oscillation Characteristics in an Interconnected Power System 9

2.2 An Overview of Oscillation Monitoring Using Phasor Measurements 12

2.2.1 Monitoring of the Japan Power Network 12

2.2.2 Monitoring of the Southeast Asia Power Network 14

2.3 WAMS-Based Interarea Mode Identification 15

2.4 Low-Frequency Oscillation Dynamics 16

2.4.1 Electromechanical Modes Characteristics 16

2.4.2 Oscillation Characteristics Analyses in Southeast Asia Power Network 18

2.5 Summary 24

References 24

3 Small-Signal Stability Assessment 26

3.1 Power System Small-Signal Stability 27

3.2 Oscillation Model Identification Using Phasor Measurements 29

3.2.1 Oscillation Model of the Electromechanical Mode 29

3.2.2 Dominant Mode Identification with Signal Filtering 30

3.3 Small-Signal Stability Assessment of Wide-Area Power System 32

3.3.1 Simulation Study 32

3.3.2 Stability Assessment Based on Phasor Measurements 33

3.3.3 Stability Assessment Based on Frequency Monitoring 38

3.4 Summary 41

References 41

4 Graphical Tools For Stability and Security Assessment 43

4.1 Importance of Graphical Tools in WAMS 43

4.2 Angle–Voltage Deviation Graph 45

4.3 Simulation Results 48

4.3.1 Disturbance in Generation Side 49

4.3.2 Disturbance in Demand Side 50

4.4 Voltage–Frequency Deviation Graph 52

4.4.1 ΔV_ΔF Graph for Contingency Assessment 53

4.4.2 ΔV _ ΔF Graph for Load Shedding Synthesis 56

4.5 Frequency–Angle Deviation Graph 58

4.6 Electromechanical Wave Propagation Graph 60

4.6.1 Wave Propagation 62

4.6.2 Angle Wave and System Configuration 64

4.7 Summary 68

References 68

5 Power System Control: Fundamentals and New Perspectives 70

5.1 Power System Stability and Control 71

5.2 Angle and Voltage Control 73

5.3 Frequency Control 75

5.3.1 Frequency Control Dynamic 77

5.3.2 Operating States and Power Reserves 81

5.4 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 83

5.5 Challenges, Opportunities, and New Perspectives 88

5.5.1 Application of Advanced Control Methods and Technologies 88

5.5.2 Standards Updating 90

5.5.3 Impacts of Renewable Energy Options 90

5.5.4 RESs Contribution to Regulation Services 92

5.6 Summary 94

References 95

6 Wide-Area Measurement-Based Power System Control Design 96

6.1 Measurement-Based Controller Design 97

6.2 Controller Tuning Using a Vibration Model 98

6.2.1 A Vibration Model Including the Effect of Damping Controllers 98

6.2.2 Tuning Mechanism 101

6.2.3 Simulation Results 102

6.3 Wide-Area Measurement-Based Controller Design 107

6.3.1 Wide-Area Power System Identification 107

6.3.2 Design Procedure 110

6.3.3 Simulation Results 110

6.4 Summary 118

References 118

7 Coordinated Dynamic Stability and Voltage Regulation 119

7.1 Need for AVR–PSS Coordination 120

7.2 A Survey on Recent Achievements 123

7.3 A Robust Simultaneous AVR–PSS Synthesis Approach 126

7.3.1 Control Framework 126

7.3.2 Developed Algorithm 128

7.3.3 Real-Time Implementation 131

7.3.4 Experiment Results 132

7.4 A Wide-Area Measurement-Based Coordination Approach 135

7.4.1 High Penetration of Wind Power 136

7.4.2 Developed Algorithm 138

7.4.3 An Application Example 141

7.4.4 Simulation Results 141

7.5 Intelligent AVR and PSS Coordination Design 149

7.5.1 Fuzzy Logic-Based Coordination System 149

7.5.2 Simulation Results 151

7.6 Summary 155

References 155

8 Wide-Area Measurement-Based Emergency Control 158

8.1 Conventional Load Shedding and New Challenges 159

8.1.1 Load Shedding: Concept and Review 159

8.1.2 Some Key Issues 161

8.2 Need for Monitoring Both Voltage and Frequency 162

8.3 Simultaneous Voltage and Frequency-Based LS 165

8.3.1 Proposed LS Scheme 165

8.3.2 Implementation 167

8.3.3 Case Studies and Simulation Results 168

8.3.4 An Approach for Optimal UFVLS 176

8.3.5 Discussion 177

8.4 Wave Propagation-Based Emergency Control 178

8.4.1 Proposed Control Scheme 178

8.4.2 Simulation Results 180

8.5 Summary 183

References 183

9 Microgrid Control: Concepts and Classification 186

9.1 Microgrids 187

9.2 Microgrid Control 192

9.3 Local Controls 195

9.4 Secondary Controls 198

9.5 Global Controls 202

9.6 Central/Emergency Controls 204

9.7 Summary 206

References 207

10 Microgrid Control: Synthesis Examples 209

10.1 Local Control Synthesis 209

10.1.1 Robust Voltage Control Design 209

10.1.2 Intelligent Droop-Based Voltage and Frequency Control 215

10.2 Secondary Control Synthesis 221

10.2.1 Intelligent Frequency Control 221

10.2.2 ANN-Based Self-Tuning Frequency Control 228

10.3 Global Control Synthesis 235

10.3.1 Adaptive Energy Consumption Scheduling 235

10.3.2 Power Dispatching in Interconnected MGs 240

10.4 Emergency Control Synthesis 242

10.4.1 Developed LS Algorithm 243

10.4.2 Case Study and Simulation 243

10.5 Summary 246

References 246

Appendix A New York/New England 16-Machine 68-Bus System Case Study 249

Appendix B Nine-Bus Power System Case Study 254

Appendix C Four-Order Dynamical Power System Model and Parameters of the Four-Machine Infinite-Bus System 256

Index 261

Hassan Bevrani is a Professor at the University of Kurdistan, Iran and a Visiting Professor at the Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan.

Masayuki Watanabe is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan.

Yasunori Mitani is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Head of Green Innovation Education & Research Center at Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan.