The Behavioral Neurology of White Matter (2^nd Ed.)

Behavioral neurology is founded on lesions of cortical gray matter, but recently the contributions of cerebral white matter to cognitive and emotional dysfunction have also attracted attention. The Behavioral Neurology of White Matter surveys this broad and fascinating field from a clinical perspective. Stimulated by recent improvements in neuroimaging, white matter has been carefully studied, and its role in the operations of cognition and emotion clarified by correlations with clinical observations. The relevance of normal and abnormal white matter to behavioral neurology is apparent in every context where this question has been examined: in development, aging, and in a host of diseases, intoxications, and injuries. Since the first edition of this book in 2001, steady advances have been made in understanding the neurobiology of white matter and its clinical significance; this edition provides a comprehensive update on this rapidly expanding field. Every chapter has been extensively rewritten, including a comprehensive revision of the account of the neuropsychiatry of white matter, a particularly challenging area. The syndrome of white matter dementia is discussed in detail, and its refinement with new information is considered along with the proposal of mild cognitive dysfunction as a precursor syndrome in many clinical settings. In addition, two new chapters have been added, one on the emerging area of white matter changes associated with neurodegenerative disorders such Alzheimer's Disease, and another on neurologic aspects of white matter including intriguing new information on white matter plasticity. A unifying theme is the concept of connectivity, as it is clear the white matter forms an essential component of the widespread distributed neural networks by which cognition and emotion are organized. In addition to the microconnectivity within gray matter that subserves information processing, the macroconnectivity of white matter enables information transfer - both are critical for the functions of the human mind.

Preface to the First Edition. Preface to the Second Edition. Part I The Brain, the Mind, and White Matter. Chapter 1 The Neurological Background. I. White Matter in the History of Neurology. II. The Concept of Subcortical Dementia. III. White Matter and Higher Function. IV. The Perspective of Behavioral Neurology. Chapter 2 White Matter Structure and Function. I. Neuroanatomy. II. Neurophysiology. Chapter 3 Neuroimaging. I. Computed Tomography. II. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. III. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. IV. Magnetization Transfer Imaging. V. Diffusion Tensor Imaging. VI. Functional Neuroimaging. VII. Mapping Neural Networks. Chapter 4 Development and Aging. I. Development of White Matter. II. White Matter Changes in Aging. Part II Disorders of White Matter. Chapter 5 Genetic Disorders. Leukodystrophies. Fragile X Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome. Aminoacidurias. Phakomatoses. Mucopolysaccharidoses. Muscular Dystrophy. Callosal Agenesis. Chapter 6 Demyelinative Diseases. I. Multiple Sclerosis. II. Neuromyelitis Optica. II. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. III. Schilder's Disease. V. Marburg's Disease. VI. Balo's Concentric Sclerosis. VII. Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis. Chapter 7 Infectious Diseases. I Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. II. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. III. Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis. IV. Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis. V. Varicella Zoster Vasculopathy. VI. Cytomegalovirus Encephalitis. VII. Lyme Encephalopathy. Chapter 8 Inflammatory Diseases. I. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. II. Behcet's Disease. III. Sjogren's Syndrome. IV. Wegener's Granulomatosis. V. Temporal Arteritis. VI. Polyarteritis Nodosa. VII. Scleroderma. VIII. Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System. IX. Sarcoidosis. Chapter 9 Toxic Leukoencephalopathy. I. Radiation. II. Therapeutic Drugs. III. Drugs of Abuse. IV. Environmental Toxins. V. The Spectrum of Toxic Leukoencephalopathy. Chapter 10 Metabolic Disorders. I. Cobalamin Deficiency. II. Folate Deficiency. III. Central Pontine Myelinolysis. IV. Hypoxia. V. Hypertensive Encephalopathy. VI. Eclampsia. VII. High Altitude Cerebral Edema. Chapter 11 Vascular Diseases. I. Binswanger's Disease. II. Leukoaraiosis. IV. Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. V. CADASIL. V. Migraine. VI. White Matter Disease of Prematurity. Chapter 12 Traumatic Disorders. I. Traumatic Brain Injury. II. Shaken Baby Syndrome. III. Corpus Callosotomy. IV. Frontal Lobotomy. Chapter 13 Neoplasms. I. Gliomas. II. Gliomatosis Cerebri. II. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. IV. Focal White Matter Tumors. Chapter 14 Hydrocephalus. I. Early Hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo. III. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Part III White Matter and Higher Function. Chapter 15 Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia. I. Cognitive Dysfunction. II. White Matter Dementia. Why Another Dementia Syndrome?. Chapter 16 White Matter and Neurodegenerative Disease. I. Alzheimer's Disease. II. Frontotemporal Dementia. II