The Evolution of Parental Care

Parental care includes a wide variety of traits that enhance offspring development and survival. It is taxonomically widespread and is central to the maintenance of biodiversity through its close association with other phenomena such as sexual selection, life-history evolution, sex allocation, sociality, cooperation and conflict, growth and development, genetic architecture, and phenotypic plasticity. This novel book provides a fresh perspective on the study of the evolution of parental care based on contributions from some of the top researchers in the field. It provides evidence that the dynamic nature of family interactions, and particularly the potential for co-evolution among family members, has contributed to the great diversity of forms of parental care and life-histories across as well as within taxa. The Evolution of Parental Care aims to stimulate students and researchers alike to pursue exciting new directions in this fascinating and important area of behavioural and evolutionary biology. It will be of relevance and use to those working in the fields of animal behaviour, ecology, evolution, and genetics, as well as related disciplines such as psychology and sociology.

Foreword. 1. What is parental care?. SECTION 1 - Origin and Evolution of Parental Care. 2. Theoretical foundations of parental care. 3. Benefits and costs of parental care. 4. Patterns of parental care in vertebrates. 5. Patterns of parental care in invertebrates. 6. Sex differences in parental care. SECTION 2 - Conflict and Cooperation in Parental Care. 7. Parent-offspring conflict. 8. Sibling competition and cooperation over parental care. 9. Sexual conflict. 10. Sex allocation. 11. Paternity, maternity, and parental care. 12. Cooperative breeding systems. 13. Brood parasitism. SECTION 3 - Evolutionary Genetics of Parental Care. 14. Parental effects in development and evolution. 15. The quantitative genetic theory of parental effects. 16. Parent-offspring co-adaptation. 17. Genetics and epigenetics of parental care. Conclusions. 18. The evolution of parental care: summary, conclusions and implications. Index.

Nick Royle is a senior lecturer in behavioural ecology at the University of Exeter with research interests centred on early life-history effects, sexual selection and parental care. He uses both vertebrate and invertebrate model systems in the field and in the lab for his research, and has published papers on parental care in a variety of journals, including Ecology Letters, Functional Ecology, Nature and Proceedings of the Royal Society B. He is a section editor for the journal BMC Ecology. After completing his PhD in zoology at the University of Durham he was a postdoctoral research associate at Lancaster University, working on within-family conflicts of interest over parental care in birds. Following this he did further postdoctoral research, this time on resource allocation and sexual selection in fish at the University of Glasgow, before taking up a NERC research fellowship on conflicts over parental care and moving to the University of Exeter's Tremough campus in Cornwall. Per Smiseth is a lecturer in animal behaviour at The University of Edinburgh with research interests in the evolution and genetic basis of parental care and the resolution of within-family conflicts over parental care. He uses an experimental approach that focuses on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, but he has a broad taxonomic background that includes work on parental care in birds and mammals. He has published papers on parental care in journal such as PNAS, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, The American Naturalist, Ecology, and Evolution. After finishing his PhD in Ethology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, he moved to The University of Manchester as a postdoctoral research associate to develop N. vespilloides as an insect model for studying within-family conflicts. Since this postdoc, he continued his work on N. vespilloides as a NERC research fellow at The University of Manchester, until he took up a position as a lecturer at The University of Edinbur