The Swastika's Darkening Shadow, 2013 Voices before the Holocaust

The spread of anti-Semitism across Europe before World War II has received strikingly little comprehensive study. Drawing on newspapers, magazines, diaries, diplomatic correspondence, organizational reports, and a variety of other sources, this history reveals how imperiled European Jews navigated their world as darkness closed about.

1. The Shadow of the Swastika: 1933-1935 2. The Vise Tightens: 1936-1937 3. To the Abyss: 1938-1939 Conclusion Documents

Monty Noam Penkower is Professor Emeritus of Jewish History at the Machon Lander Graduate School of Jewish Studies, Jerusalem, Israel. He was Victor J. Selmanowitz Professor of Modern Jewish History at Touro College in New York City, and also taught at Bard College, Rutgers University, and Stern College, and in the graduate History Departments of New York University and Yeshiva University. His numerous publications include The Federal Writers' Project (1977); The Jews Were Expendable: Free World Diplomacy and the Holocaust (1983); The Emergence of Zionist Thought (1986); The Holocaust and Israel Reborn: From Catastrophe to Sovereignty (1994); Decision on Palestine Deferred: America, Britain and Wartime Diplomacy, 1939-1945 (2002); and Twentieth Century Jews: Forging Identity in the Land of Promise and in the Promised Land (2010). The Jews Were Expendable received the B'nai B'rith-A.D.L. Merit for Educational Distinction and, together with The Emergence of Zionist Thought, garnered the second Samuel Belkin Memorial Literary Award from Yeshiva University.