Fundamentals of Friction, 1992
Macroscopic and Microscopic Processes
NATO Science Series E: Series, Vol. 220

Fundamentals of Friction, unlike many books on tribology, is devoted to one specific topic: friction. After introductory chapters on scientific and engineering perspectives, the next section contains the necessary background within the areas of contact mechanics, surfaces and adhesion. Then on to fracture, deformation and interface shear, from the macroscopic behavior of materials in frictional contact to microscopic models of uniform and granular interfaces. Lubrication by solids, liquids and gases is presented next, from classical flow properties to the reorganization of monolayers of molecules under normal and shear stresses. A section on new approaches at the nano- and atomic scales covers the physics and chemistry of interfaces, an array of visually exciting simulations, using molecular dynamics, of solids and liquids in sliding contact, and related AFM/STM studies. Following a section on machines and measurements, the final chapter discusses future issues in friction.

I. Scientific And Engineering Perspectives.- Friction as a Dissipative Process.- Friction Fluctuations.- II. Contact Mechanics, Surfaces and Adhesion.- Contact of Rough Surfaces.- Problems with Surface Roughness.- Surface Forces and Adhesion.- Particle-Particle Interaction in Granular Material.- Models of Friction Based on Contact and Fracture Mechanics.- III. Fracture, Deformation and Interface Shear.- Friction Processes in Brittle Fracture.- Friction of Organic Polymers.- Friction of Granular Non-Metals.- Deformation and Flow of Metals in Sliding Friction.- Mapping of Friction: An Extended Discussion.- IV. Lubrication by Solids and Tribochemical Films.- Solid Lubrication Processes.- Friction with Colloidal Lubrication.- Effect of Surface Reactivity on Tribological Properties of a Boundary Lubricant.- Chemical Effects in Friction.- Surface Science and Extreme Pressure Lubrication - CC14 Chemistry On Fe(110).- V. Lubrication by Liquids and Molecularly-Thin Layers.- Friction and Traction in Lubricated Contacts.- Adhesion, Friction and Lubrication of Molecularly Smooth Surfaces.- Molecular Tribology of Fluids.- VI. New Approaches at the Nano- and Atomic Scale.- Friction at the Atomic Scale.- Friction Force Microscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett Films.- Computational Techniques in Tribology and Material Science at the Atomic Level.- Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Adhesive Contact Formation and Friction.- The Indentation and Scraping of a Metal Surface: A Molecular Dynamics Study.- VII. Machines and Measurements.- Scale Effects in Sliding Friction: An Experimental Study.- Unsteady Friction in the Presence of Vibrations.- Interaction and Stability of Friction and Vibrations.- VIII. Appendix.- Epilogue.- to Contact Mechanics: A Summary of the Principal Formulae.- List of Participants.