Máku A Comprehensive Grammar Routledge Comprehensive Grammars Series

Máku: A Comprehensive Grammar is a comprehensive reference grammar of the Maku language, spoken by the jukudeitse who once lived in Venezuela and Brazil. Based on fieldwork with the final two speakers of the language, it describes all core aspects of the grammatical system as they have been recorded; presented through lexical items, example sentences and texts.

This book offers a description of the now-extinct language. It was written in response to the loss of linguistic information generally and the significance this language has for the study of the sociolinguistic history of the region specifically. This information contributes to our understanding of linguistic diversity and the indigenous linguistic ecologies in the Americas. Also included is data about language contact via loanwords with other indigenous language spoken in the Northern Amazonian region. The resources in this book are essential for language comparisons and language histories in Venezuela and Brazil.

Máku: A Comprehensive Grammar is an important reference for researchers and students in the fields of linguistics, anthropology, sociology, history and the study of Amazonian languages.

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations and Symbols

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS OF MÁKU

1.1.1 The use of Máku in the Wider Pre- and Post-contact Context

1.1.2 Language contact

1.2 DATA SOURCES AND THE MÁKU DATABASE

1.2.1 Sinfrônio’s idiolect

1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE GRAMMAR

CHAPTER 2 PHONOLOGY

2.1 CONSONANTS

2.1.1 Phonological alternations affecting consonants

2.1.2 Consonant distribution

2.2 VOWELS

2.2.1 Phonological alternations affecting vowels

2.2.2 Vowel distribution

2.3 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE

2.4 STRESS ASSIGNMENT

CHAPTER 3 MORPHOLOGY PART I: WORD CLASSES AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY

3.1 NOUNS

3.1.1 Number

3.1.2 Case

3.1.3 Possession

3.2 PRONOUNS

3.2.1 Personal pronouns

3.2.2 Demonstrative pronouns

3.2.3 Interrogative pronouns

3.2.4 Indefinite pronouns

3.3 QUANTIFIERS

3.3.1 Numbers

3.3.2 Indefinite quantifiers

3.4 POSTPOSITIONS

3.5 VERBS

3.5.1 Agreement

3.5.2 Tense-aspect-mood-evidentiality

3.5.3 Suppletion

3.6 ADVERBS

3.7 CONJUNCTIONS, INTERJECTIONS, IDEOPHONES, AND LEXICALIZATION

CHAPTER 4 MORPHOLOGY PART II: DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOUNDS

4.1 DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES

4.1.1 Diminutive -taka

4.1.2 Approximative -dakaja

4.1.3 Limitation suffix -mu

4.1.4 Verbal noun -na

4.1.5 Desiderative/negative desiderative suffixes

4.1.6 Bereavement

4.1.7 Circular-motion suffix -liku and circumventing-motion suffix -dakana

4.1.8 Valency-adjusting ku-

4.1.9 Reduplication

4.1.10 -ema

4.1.11 Allative -le

4.2 STEM COMPOUNDS

4.2.1 Idiomatic noun phrases

4.3 FLUIDITY OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES

CHAPTER 5 SYNTAX

5.1 CONSTITUENT PHRASES AND DECLARATIVE CLAUSES

5.1.1 Phrases

5.1.2 Declarative clause types

5.2 IMPERATIVE CLAUSES

5.3 INTERROGATIVE CLAUSES

5.3.1 Constituent questions

5.3.2 Polarity questions

5.4 COMPLEX SENTENCES

5.4.1 Coordination

5.4.2 Subordination

5.5 INFORMATION STRUCTURE

5.5.1 Ellipsis

5.5.2 Focus positions and the clitic =ke

5.5.3 Particles etsiwa and ijani

CHAPTER 6 TYPOLOGICAL SIMILARITIES

CHAPTER 7 TEXTS

7.1 THE OPOSSUM AND THE TURTLE

7.2 BUCHA AND MAKUNAIMA

7.3 MENIWA

7.4 FLOOD

7.5 MALOAKA

CHAPTER 8 GLOSSARIES

8.1 MÁKU-ENGLISH-PORTUGUESE GLOSSARY

8.2 ENGLISH-MÁKU WORD LIST

REFERENCES

INDEX

Chris Rogers is an Assistant Professor of Linguistics at Brigham Young University, USA. Motivated by a passion for linguistic fieldwork, he has conducted original research on the Xinkan (Guatemala), Inapari (Peru), Mixteco (Mexico), Wichi’ (Argentina), Quechua (Peru), Ninam (Brazil) and Maku (Venezuela) languages.