A Primer of Life Histories
Ecology, Evolution, and Application

Life histories can be defined as the means by which individuals (or more precisely genotypes) vary their age- or stage-specific expenditures of reproductive effort in response to genetic, phenotypic, and environmental correlates of survival and fecundity. Life histories reflect the expression of traits most closely related to individual fitness, such as age and size at maturity, number and size of offspring, and the timing of the expression of those traits throughout an individual's life. In addition to addressing questions of fundamental importance to ecology and evolution, life-history research plays an integral role in species conservation and management. This accessible primer encompasses the basic concepts, theories, and applied elements of life history evolution, including patterns of trait variability, underlying mechanisms of plastic/evolutionary change, and the practical utility of life-history traits as metrics of species/population recovery, sustainable exploitation, and risk of extinction. Empirical examples are drawn from the entire spectrum of life. A Primer of Life Histories is designed for readers from a broad range of academic backgrounds and experience including graduate students and researchers of ecology and evolutionary biology. It will also be useful to a more applied audience of academic/government researchers in fields such as wildlife biology, conservation biology, fisheries science, and the environmental sciences.

Jeffrey A. Hutchings is Professor of Biology and Killam Memorial Chair at Dalhouse University, Canada. Author of more than 230 articles, he has held appointments at University of Oslo, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, University of Agder, and University of Jyväskylä. Former president and co-founder of the Canadian Society for Ecology and Evolution, his recent awards include the 2017 A.G. Huntsman Medal for Research Excellence in Marine Sciences. Hutchings is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.