Nutrition and the Adult, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1980
Micronutrients Volume 3B
Human Nutrition Series, Vol. 3B

The science of nutrition has advanced beyond expectation since Antoine La­ voisier as early as the 18th century showed that oxygen was necessary to change nutrients in foods to compounds which would become a part of the human body. He was also the first to measure metabolism and to show that oxidation within the body produces heat and energy. In the two hundred years that have elapsed, the essentiality of nitrogen-containing nutrients and of proteins for growth and maintenance of tissue has been established; the ne­ cessity for carbohydrates and certain types of fat for health has been docu­ mented; vitamins necessary to prevent deficiency diseases have been identified and isolated; and the requirement of many mineral elements for health has been demonstrated. Further investigations have defined the role of these nutrients in metabolic processes and quantitated their requirements at various stages of development. Additional studies have involved their use in the possible prevention of,and therapy for, disease conditions.

1 Roles of Vitamins as Coenzymes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biotin.- 3. Nicotinic Acid.- 4. Pantothenic Acid.- 5. Vitamin B6.- 6. Thiamine.- 7. Lipoic Acid.- 8. Folic Acid.- 9. Vitamin B12.- 10. Riboflavin.- 11. Coenzyme Q.- 12. Other Vitamin Cofactors.- 13. References.- 2 Vitamin C.- 1. The Lure of Vitamin C.- 2. Discovery of Vitamin C.- 3. Biochemistry and Physiology.- 4. Metabolic Functions of Vitamin C.- 5. Minimal Daily Requirement and Recommended Allowance.- 6. Scurvy in Experimental Animals.- 7. Clinical Scurvy.- 8. Human Scurvy.- 9. Food Sources of Vitamin C.- 10. Pharmacologic Doses.- 11. Toxicity of Vitamin C.- 12. Summary.- 13. References.- 3 Vitamin A.- 1. Historical Introduction.- 2. Nomenclature, Chemical Structures, and Chemical Properties.- 3. Absorption.- 4. Storage.- 5. Transport of Vitamin A.- 6. Vitamin A Deficiency and the Function of Vitamin A.- 7. Biochemical Mechanisms of Vitamin A Function.- 8. The Metabolism of Vitamin A.- 9. The Retinoids.- 10. Hypervitaminosis Aand Vitamin A Toxicity.- 11. Vitamin A Pharmacology.- 12. References.- 4 Vitamin D.- 1. Introduction.- 2. History.- 3. Deficiency Diseases.- 4. The D Vitamins and Their Precursors.- 5. Metabolism of Vitamin D.- 6. Regulation of Vitamin D Metabolism.- 7. The Interaction between Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone.- 8. Regulation of the Renal Vitamin D Hydroxylases by the Sex Hormones.- 9. Mechanism of Vitamin D Action.- 10. Diseases of Bone as a Consequence of Defects in Vitamin D Metabolism.- 11. Vitamin D Toxicity.- 12. Conclusion.- 13. References.- 5 Vitamin E.- 1. History.- 2. Chemistry and Nomenclature.- 3. Deficiency Symptoms.- 4. Biopotency.- 5. Food Sources.- 6. Metabolism.- 7. Biochemical Function.- 8. Nutritional Role.- 9. Pharmacological Effects.- 10. Safety.- 11. References.- 6 Vitamin K.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Early History.- 3. Chemistry of the K Vitamins.- 4. Nomenclature.- 5. Principles of the Determination of Vitamin(s) K.- 6. Vitamin K Content of Foods.- 7. Absorption, Distribution, and Metabolism of Vitamin K.- 8. Physiological Function of Vitamin K.- 9. Bone and Kidney Proteins Containing ?-Carboxyglutamate.- 10. Coumarin Anticoagulant Drugs.- 11. Vitamin K Deficiency.- 12. Nutritional Requirements for Vitamin K.- 13. References.- 7 Iron—Hemoglobin.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Iron Balance.- 3. Distribution and Function of Body Iron.- 4. Iron Losses.- 5. Assessment of Iron Status.- 6. Iron Absorption.- 7. Pathology of Iron Deficiency and Anemia.- 8. Iron Requirements—Dietary Iron.- 9. Conclusion.- 10. References.- 8 Trace Elements.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Calcium.- 3. Phosphorus.- 4. Magnesium.- 5. Sodium and Potassium.- 6. Iron.- 7. Zinc.- 8. Copper.- 9. Selenium.- 10. Cobalt.- 11. Silicon.- 12. Chromium.- 13. Vanadium.- 14. Nickel.- 15. Manganese.- 16. Fluoride.- 17. Tin.- 18. Conclusion.- 19. References.- 9 Drug—Nutrient Interrelationships.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Effects of Drugs on Nutritional Status.- 3. The Effects of Nutritional Status on Drug Metabolism.- 4. Summation.- 5. References.- 10 Oral Contraceptives and Nutrient Requirements.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effect of OCs on Nutrient Metabolism and Requirements.- 3. Conclusion.- 4. References.- 11 Nutrition of the Elderly.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Changes Associated with Aging.- 3. Influence of Nutrition on Longevity.- 4. Nutrient Requirements of the Elderly.- 5. Assessment of Nutritional Status of the Elderly.- 6. Nutrition-Related Diseases of the Elderly.- 7. Food Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices of the Elderly.- 8. References.